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School Museums were created as a visual instruction was used as a supplement to the curriculum.
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Catalog of Instructional Films became available.
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Rochester Public School adopts instructional films for classroom use
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IDT organizations began to spring up as the industry developed.
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Audiovisual instruction increased with the usage of radio, audio records, and motion pictures with sound.
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Government establishes a division for production of training materials for soldiers.
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This study demonstrated that when objectives are stated in behavioral terms the objectives can serve as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of instruction.
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Dale publishes book on audiovisual methods in teaching.
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Instructional programming used the new medium of television to reach greater audiences.
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Programmed Instruction introduces the systems approach to education. BF Skinner and Benjamin Bloom's works were prominent during this period
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The Ford Foundation spends more than $170 million on educational television.
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Bloom publishes his classifications of learning objectives
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Gordon Pask publishes his work on the design of adaptive teaching machines.
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Mager pioneered the process for writing behavioral objectives.
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Robert Glaser developed the term criterion referenced measures which became criterion-reference testing.
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Gagne puts forth two ideas about learning. 1) Domains of Learning/Types of Learning Outcomes: Verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitudes and cognitive strategies. 2) 9 Events of instruction or teaching activities: Gain Attention, Inform Learners of Objectives, Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning, Present the Content, Provide Learning "Guidance", Elicit Performance, Provide Feedback, Assess Performance, Enhance Retention and Transfer
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Scriven coined the terms formative and summative.
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Interest in instructional design as a process was on the rise. Numerous IDT models appeared such as the Dick & Carey Model, and Gagne and Briggs.
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The name change from Department of Audio Visual Instruction to Association for Educational Communications and Technology represents a terminology shift that took place at this time
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First Graduate programs in IDT were created
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The United States Military adopts an instructional design model.
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Educators were interested in using personal computers as an instructional tool. With the creation and distribution of micro computers, instructional designers were offered a medium that was very individualized.
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Principles of cognitive psychology were applied to the instructional design process.
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Constructivists believe that learning experiences should be “authentic” and produce real-world learning environments that allow the learner to construct their own knowledge. This emphasis on the learner was a significant departure away from traditional forms of instructional design.
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The Internet, with its social media tools and multitudes of information resources, became a very popular tool for online learning, and instructional designers recognized the need to integrate e-learning into the creation of learning objects and curricula
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The influence of e-tools continues to grow and has seemingly encouraged the growth of informal learning throughout a person's lifetime. The challenge for instructional designers is how to create learning opportunities that now may occur anywhere and anytime
