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In 29 August, 1842, Hong Kong was formally United Kingdom's under the Treaty of Nanking
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In 1860 after China’s defeat in the Second Opium War, the Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutter's Island were also given to Britain under the Convention of Peking.
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Under the british rule, Hong Kong’s population has increased a lot from 7450, mostly fishermen's to over 115,000 chinese and 8754 Europeans in Hong Kong (including Kowloon) in 1870.