History of Forensic Science

  • 44 BCE

    Death of an Emperor

    Julius Caesar is assassinated. Physician performed an autopsy, determined that out of the 23 wounds found on the body , only one of them was fatal.
  • 400

    Cause of Death

    Germanic and slavic societies made law that medical experts must be the ones to determine cause of death in crimes.
  • 600

    The first Fingerprints

    Fingerprints first used to determine identity. Arabic merchants would take a debtor's fingerprint and attach it to the bill.
  • 1302

    First Autopsy

    The first legally ordered autopsies were performed from 1302 in Bologna. Da Varignana examined the bodies of people who had died in suspicious circumstances to determine the cause of death.
  • Polarized light microscope

    William Nichol invented the polarizing light microscope
  • Detecting poison

    In 1832 chemistry was first used as evidence in a case of arsenic poisoning by sampling the lining of a victims stomach.The new science of toxicology was born and arsenic lost its appeal as the perfect murder weapon
  • Photos used for crime scene investigation

    San Francisco becomes the first city in the united states to use photos in murder court
  • Fingerprints found to be unique

    Galton's system identified the following patterns: plain arch, tented arch, simple loop, central pocket loop, double loop, lateral pocket loop, plain whorl, and accidental.
  • Blood types

    Human ABO blood types were discovered in 1900 and were soon used to determine whether blood present at a crime scene matched a suspect or victim.
  • Hair used in forensics

    Victor Balthazard and Marcelle Lambert publish first study on hair, including microscopic studies from most animals . First legal case ever involving hair also took place following this study.
  • Crime experts build lab

    FBI establishes its own crime laboratory, now one of the foremost crime labs in the world. This same year , a legal Medicine at Harvard was established.
  • Lie Detector

    Prototype polygraph, which was invented by John Larson in 1921, developed for use in police stations.
  • Footwear detection system

    Britains Forensic Science service develops online footwear coding and detection system. This helps police identify footwear marks quickly.