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Symmetrical designs. -
Used flowers for decorations, garlands, wreaths and temple offerings. Utilized simplistic design principles.
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The "Horn of Plenty" arrangement -
Used flowers for adornment. Continued the use of wreaths and garlands. Created the "Horn of Plenty" or Cornucopia.
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Continued to use the same customs of the Greek period. Used less graceful designs compared to the Greeks in baskets and Cornucopias. -
Continued to use the same customs of Greek period. Used less graceful designs compared to the Greeks in baskets and Cornucopia.
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Byzantine floral arrangement example. -
Brought together Greek and Roman period influences. Began to incorporate fruit with garlands. Police arrangements in baskets, goblets, or low containers.
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Genghis Khan invades China, captures Peking, conquers Persia, invades Russia, dies.
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Centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it had been before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. (Starts in the 1300s, does not give date on end.)
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More naturalistic look. (Naturalistic- appears natural and not artificial or arranged.) -
Inspired by Flemish paintings. “Flemish” refers to people from the medieval country of Flanders which now covers parts of Belgium, France and Holland.
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Created large arrangements with bright colors. Used flowers for more than religious reasons. Introduced the Christmas Wreath.
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Portugal, Spain, England, and France establish the slave trade from Africa to bring workers to sugar and tobacco plantations in South America and the Caribbean, and later to the cotton plantations in the southern U.S. religious Reformation begins. Protestant religions emerge in Europe.
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Marked the beginning of the Hogarth curve, or S-curve -created by English painter, William Hogarth. Utilized large containers with elaborate arrangements made with several different types of flowers. -
Created symmetrical designs, then shifted to asymmetrical designs.
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Used any flower available and placed all arrangements into household containers. -
Created arrangements for personal adornment and decorations around the home.
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The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists, mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of religious freedom. It was part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
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Paintings of floral designs which included flowers from many seasons was developed in Flemish Floral Art. -
The Camisards operated throughout the mainly Protestant Cévennes region including the Vaunage and the parts of the Camargue around Aigues Mortes. The revolt broke out in 1702, with the worst of the fighting continuing until 1704, then skirmishes until 1710 and a final peace by 1715.
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Large, opulent, overdone arrangements. Women carried bouquets to most social gatherings. Used as a sign of affection. -
Used foliage and grasses to contrast textures. Placed flowers in very low containers. Upper-class show of wealth.
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Began current practices around 1910. Also known as the Contemporary Florists. -
Combined elements from the Japanese and mass designs from the Europeans. Marked the beginning of a made specifically to hold flowers and small bouquets. (Has not ended, 2021 is simply the current year.)
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Many popular low-budget and epic expensive movies that reached the status of classic were produced during the period. The 1930s were also a very important and productive decade for American literature.