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The Butler Act in 1944 aimed to remove the inequalities in the education system by providing free compulsory education to the age of fifteen and free education to the age of eighteen. The 11+ exam still remained which grouped the children into three schools; grammar, technical and comprehensive. Grouping children into these three groups based on one exam still brought some inequality. Some children gained a place at a grammar school but had to reject the place due to extra costs.
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The Crowther report recommended raising the school leaving age from fifteen to sixteen. The report also aimed to provide further education for school leavers alongside work.
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The certificate of secondary education (CSE) was introduced.
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The Newsom Report also referred to as the ‘Half our Future’, introduced the idea of coursework for those who were below average.
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A government policy was issued in 1965 by the Department of Education and Science, requesting the Local Education Authorities to abolish the 11+ exam and convert secondary schools into comprehensive schools.
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Due to the abolition of the 11+ exams (except some grammar schools) the pressure on primary schools preparing children for these exams was reduced. This allowed a more child centred approach in teaching. It also allowed the incorporation of sports days and environmental factors in learning and development.
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In 1970 the Local Education Authorities were given the opportunity to decide whether they wanted to convert secondary schools into comprehensive. Some may say that this was an attempt my Margaret Thatcher to stop the conversion of secondary schools, as no funding would be given to the converted schools.
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In 1972 the school leaving age was raised from fifteen to sixteen. This allowed more children to remain in education and leave with a qualification as well as prevent child exploitation.
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Introduction of Youth Training Schemes to tackle the high unemployment levels after children had left school.
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The Sex Discrimination Act aimed to promote equality between men and women. People should not be discriminated based on their marital status.
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The Great Debate may be seen as the starting point for the National Curriculum. James Callaghan the prime minister at the time claimed that the informal teaching methods were failing the children outside of education.
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The Race Relations Act enforced the Sex Discrimination Act and aimed to prevent discrimination based on race or belief.
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Mary Warnock laid the foundations for special educational needs
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An act also referred to as SEN which took into consideration the learning difficulties of pupils and how they could be helped with special educational needs.
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The trialling of 16+ examinations by combing O levels with certificate of secondary education (CSE).
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The National Council for Vocational Qualifications promoted national vocational qualifications (NVQ’s), which were work based qualifications.
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Introduced schools which were partially funded by industry.
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The introduction of levels and targets to monitor the progress made by pupils.
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This was an attempt to improve the educational needs, by introducing a compulsory national curriculum. This had to be taught from the ages of 5-16 and outlined the topics that should be taught.
Introduction of SATs (standard assessments tests) for 5,7 and 11 year olds to measure the progress made by schools. -
Introduction of GCSE’S replaced previous methods of assessments and learning.
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Establishment of Ofsted who would inspect schools.
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Department of Education & Science (DES) became the Department for Education (DfE)
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Takes control of funding and quality of teacher training though the Department of Education.
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Identified the need of a special educational needs co-ordinator (SENCO). Following the special educational act in 1981.
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Devonshire Junior School
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Introduced student tuition fees. Key stage one classes reduced in number to thirty.
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Raising standards in underachieving schools.
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Introduced Citizenship into the National Curriculum. The Crick Report impacted my education as I had to study Citizenship through PSHE (personal, social and health education) at secondary school. In my view this was a positive impact as I was able learn about the political system and my role as a responsible citizenship.
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The act was amended to reinforce that an individual should not be discriminated based on race, colour, nationality or ethnic origin.
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DfE (Department for Education) became DfES (Department for Education and Skills)
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(SENDA)
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Citizenship made compulsory in the national curriculum.
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The Victoria Cimbié Inquiry Report
Every Child Matters -
Provide extra curricular activities.
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Holly Lodge High School
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Inspection of schools, nurseries, day care centres and training of teachers.
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DfES branched into DCSF (Department for Children, Schools and Families ) and DIUS (Department for Innovation, Universities and Skill)
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Changes for year 7.
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School leaving age rasied from sixteen to eighteen.
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Sandwell Academy
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University of Wolverhampton
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