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They were handwritten documents or books written by monks in the times before printing was invented.
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It is the most primitive form of calculating device, invented somewhere between 300-500 BC.
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The printing press had dramatic effects on European civilization.It spread information quickly. This created a wider literate public.
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A single page containing the alphabet, covered with a sheet of transparent horn, formerly used for teaching children to read
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By the nineteenth century, writing slates were used around the world in nearly every school. Their larger version Blackboards are still used in classrooms today.
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With the advent of radio as a mass communication medium in the 1920s, many universities applied for broadcast licenses. This allowed educators a very economical means of information dissemination and permitted them to reach large numbers of students.
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Since the transparency can be pre-printed and used repetitively, rather than having materials written manually before each class, they were quite time saving materials.
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Repetition of information through headphones gave rise to the language labs.
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It provided automatic, immediate and regular reinforcement without the use of aversive control; the material presented was coherent, yet varied; the pace of learning could be adjusted to suit the individual.
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The photocopier changed the process of document reproduction. Its automatic function immensely saved time when preparing lesson materials to disperse to students.
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Television, is one of the effective media in distance education by its characteristics like widespread coverage of audience and transmitting the knowledge to big audience mass.
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In most countries, students use calculators for schoolwork. There was some initial resistance to the idea out of fear that basic or elementary arithmetic skills would suffer.
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As computers have become more accessible, inexpensive, and powerful, the demand for this technology has increased, leading to more frequent use of computer resources within classes.
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For educational purposes, it is widely used to gather information and to do research or add to the knowledge of various subjects.
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They became more common in classrooms during the 1990s due to concerns over health problems in children with dust allergies and the potential for chalk dust to damage computers.
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https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/
http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/west/11/FC74
https://www.seslisozluk.net/
https://www.wikiwand.com/
https://resources.instructure.com/courses/7/pages/instructional-radio
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/156651
https://www.theasianschool.net/blog/role-of-internet-in-education/ -
