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The first machine that actually approximated the idea of a computer, that is, input-execution-output, was conceived in 1832 by Charles Babbage--called the "Difference Engine."
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Ada Lovelace helped to refine Babbage's ideas for making his machine programmable
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The differential analyser is a mechanical analogue computer designed to solve differential equations by integration, using wheel-and-disc mechanisms to perform the integration. It was one of the first advanced computing devices to be used operationally.
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Alan Turing presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, capable of computing anything that is computable. The central concept of the modern computer was based on his ideas.
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The Atanasoff–Berry computer (ABC) was the first automatic electronic digital computer
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Colossus was the world's first electronic, digital, programmable computer.
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The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), called Mark I by Harvard University’s staff,[1] was a general purpose electro-mechanical computer that was used in the war effort during the last part of World War II.
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John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data
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ENIAC was the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was Turing-complete, digital, and could solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.
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Shockley was the manager of a research group that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists invented the point contact transistor in 1947
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Claude Shannon figured out how electrical circuits could be linked together to process binary code with Boolean algebra and thus make simple decisions
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The first floppy disks, developed in the late 1960s, are 8 inches (200 mm) in diameter;[1] they became commercially available in 1971 as a component of IBM products and then were sold separately beginning in 1972 by Memorex and others.
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The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture.
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Intel had launched a popular microprocessor known as the 8080 and computer hobbyists were soon building home computers around it. The first was the MITS Altair 8800, built by Ed Roberts
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Steve Wozniak used a 6502 microprocessor (made by an Intel rival, Mos Technology) to build a better home computer of his own: the Apple I
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It was the world's first easy-to-use home "microcomputer."
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he first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft´s MS-DOS operating system.
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Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI).
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The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor
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It runs as a graphical, 16-bit multi-tasking shell on top of an existing MS-DOS installation, providing an environment which can run graphical programs designed for Windows, as well as existing MS-DOS software
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The Macintosh Portable was Apple Inc.'s first battery-powered portable Macintosh personal computer.
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Windows 95 was the first Windows with the "Start" button. Since then it has been used in all Windows operating systems. Although Windows 95 is thought of as a full operating system, it works over MS-DOS.
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In its original form, the iMac G3 had a gumdrop or egg-shaped look, with a CRT monitor, mainly enclosed by a colored, translucent plastic case
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Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly.
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Upon its release Windows XP received generally positive reviews, with critics noting increased performance and a more intuitive user interface
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Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" from the online Apple store
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The first electronic reading system
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Windows 7 was primarily intended to be an incremental upgrade to the operating system intending to address Windows Vista's poor critical reception while maintaining hardware and software compatibility.
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The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone
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This credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists
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Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS.
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