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Fibonacci, the writer of the Liber Abaci, emphasized the use of hindu-arabic numerals in his book. This made calculations a lot more easier, and calculations for interest (or commissions) became easier.
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Bypassed usury by the conversion of currencies and charging commissions
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Creation of the "Geti", which were used previously as pawn shops, becoming banks in the future. The Jews were the "pioneers" of banking, as the Church's ban of usury did not apply to them.
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This brought back an immense amount of silver back to Europe, essentially causing a huge inflation.
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The Dutch East India Company was the first company to sell shares and therefore stocks, which boosted the company's worth and abilities to earn profit.
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~$11m earned for the war, first example of war bonds