History of Architecture

By brendasandoval
  • Stonehenge
    3100 BCE

    Stonehenge

    During this period of history the passage of bands of nomads occurred.
  • Egyptian Pyramids
    2686 BCE

    Egyptian Pyramids

    Large tombs that the pharaohs asked to build to enjoy eternal life after their death.
    Giza Pyramids:
    -Cheops
    -Khafre
    -Menkaure
  • Zigurat
    2100 BCE

    Zigurat

    Temple of ancient Mesopotamia that has the shape of a stepped pyramid.
    Example: Babel Tower.
  • Ramesseum
    1290 BCE

    Ramesseum

    Funerary temple ordered to be erected by Ramses II.
    Egypt
  • Period: 1200 BCE to 1100 BCE

    Dark Age

    Collapse of the Mycenaean world (Greece).
    The roman culture was starting.
  • Greek Architecture
    900 BCE

    Greek Architecture

    Capitals: Ionic, Doric and Corinthian.
  • Founding of Rome
    753 BCE

    Founding of Rome

    According to Roman tradition, the twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome.
  • Etruscan Arch
    753 BCE

    Etruscan Arch

    The Romans began using arches in architecture.
  • Roman Capitals
    753 BCE

    Roman Capitals

    -Tuscan: Simpler than the Doric Capital.
    -Compound: A mix between the Corinthian and Ionic.
  • Petra
    600 BCE

    Petra

    City of Jordan, carved in stone. (VI a.C)
  • Period: 550 BCE to 330 BCE

    Persian Empire

    Defeated by Alexander the Great.
  • 539 BCE

    Fall of Babylon

    Conquered by the Persians.
  • Period: 480 BCE to 323 BCE

    Classical Period

    Examples of classical architecture:
    -Greece: Parthenon.
    -Rome: Greek inspired temples.
  • Parthenon
    438 BCE

    Parthenon

    Temple in Athens, Greece.
  • Period: 323 BCE to 275 BCE

    Wars of the Diadochos

    They have no ruler after the death of Alexander the Great.
  • Period: 323 BCE to 31 BCE

    Hellenistic Period

    Period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. and the birth of the Roman Empire in the year 31 BC.
  • Pharos of Alexandria
    247 BCE

    Pharos of Alexandria

    A massive lighthouse was commissioned to guide ships to Alexandria and provide a permanent reminder of its power and greatness.
  • Library of Alexandria
    246 BCE

    Library of Alexandria

    One of the largest centers for the dissemination of knowledge in Antiquity.
  • Rosetta Stone
    196 BCE

    Rosetta Stone

    First dictionary (Egypt).
    Discovered in 1799
  • 100 BCE

    Phoenicians

    They founded colonies throughout the Mediterranean.
  • Vitruvius
    100 BCE

    Vitruvius

    Architect, writer and engineer.
    First roman architect who record information of his work.
  • Aqua Marcia
    100 BCE

    Aqua Marcia

    Aqueduct
  • Temple of Jupiter
    70 BCE

    Temple of Jupiter

    It was the most important temple in Ancient Rome.
  • Roman Empire
    27 BCE

    Roman Empire

    Start of the empire.
  • Aqua Virgo
    9 BCE

    Aqua Virgo

    Built by Agrippa to bring water to the Mathew Field Baths.
  • Period: 54 to 138

    Late Roman Empire

  • Pompeii Explosion
    79

    Pompeii Explosion

  • Flavian Amphitheater
    80

    Flavian Amphitheater

    -Roman Coliseum.
  • Period: 82 to 112

    Basilica of Ilpia

    Ancient Roman civic building located in Trajan's Forum.
  • Trajan's Forum
    112

    Trajan's Forum

    Forum work of the Roman emperor Trajan
  • Reconstruction of the Pantheon
    118

    Reconstruction of the Pantheon

  • Castello San Angelo
    135

    Castello San Angelo

    Rome
  • Caracalla Baths
    212

    Caracalla Baths

    A place to bathe, practice sports and take care of one's health, but also a place of study and rest.
  • Nova Basilica
    216

    Nova Basilica

    Started by the Roman emperor Maxentius at the beginning of the 4th century and completed by Constantine I, conqueror of Maxentius.
  • Aurelian Walls
    226

    Aurelian Walls

    Military construction of a defensive nature built in the city of Rome by the Emperor Aurelian.
  • Dioclesian Baths
    284

    Dioclesian Baths

  • Arch of Constantine
    312

    Arch of Constantine

    Commemorates Constantine's victory.
  • 313

    Edict of Milan

    It marked a new status in the relations between the Christian religion and the State.
  • Basilica of Constantinople
    315

    Basilica of Constantinople

    Completion of the Basilica of Constantinople.
  • 324

    Battle of Chrysopolis

    Armed confrontation between the two Roman co-emperors Constantine I and Licinius.
  • Basilica of John Lateran
    324

    Basilica of John Lateran

    It is the cathedral of the diocese of Rome, where the episcopal see of the bishop of Rome is located, and it's similar to St. Peters
  • Hagia Irene
    324

    Hagia Irene

    Also known as the church of the Holy Peace.
    It was rebuilt by a later byzantine emperor.
  • Old Saint Peter's Basilica
    326

    Old Saint Peter's Basilica

    Pulled down to make the actual cathedral.
  • Church of the holy apostles
    330

    Church of the holy apostles

    They designed a cross-shaped plan, because they needed more space.
  • Church of holy sepulchre
    335

    Church of holy sepulchre

    Combines the basic church plans similar to old St. Peter 's and Sata Constanza in Rome.
    Constantine ordered its demolition to construct this Church.
  • Church of St. Paolo Outside the walls
    380

    Church of St. Paolo Outside the walls

    Founded in 380 A.D. and destroyed in 1823.
    Rebuilt by Luigi Poletti. (Roman-early christian arq).
  • 386

    Barbarian Invasions

    Migrations, which altered the distribution of peoples in Europe and precipitated the end of the Western Roman Empire.
  • Fall of the Roman Empire
    473

    Fall of the Roman Empire

    Caused by political instability.
  • Church of San Vitale
    526

    Church of San Vitale

    One of the most important for the Byzantine period, because of the stained glass.
  • Hagia Sophia
    535

    Hagia Sophia

    Most important building for christianity in the 6th century. The dome made it the most complex building; it hac 40 ribs and 40 windows at its base, and it collapsed 30 years after it was built.
    Circular dome on a square base.
  • Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
    1075

    Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

    Predominale romanesque style despite a Baroque facade.
    Each facade has a specific name.
  • Clunny Abbey
    1088

    Clunny Abbey

    Latin cross with 2 transepts.
    5 naves and 6 bell towers.
  • Pistoia Cathedral, Tuscany Italy.
    1108

    Pistoia Cathedral, Tuscany Italy.

    Constructed under the influence of the School of Pisa.
    Romanesque architecture that incorporates additional stylistic elements, from the later periods such as Gothic and Renaissance.
  • Basilica Church of Saint Demis
    1114

    Basilica Church of Saint Demis

    It has flying buttress.
  • Saint Trophime Cathedral
    1152

    Saint Trophime Cathedral

    Rounded arches, and nave covered by heavy barrel vault. (Romanesque).
  • Baptisery, Pisa
    1152

    Baptisery, Pisa

    Designer: Diotisalvi
    Exterior features: Encircled by semi-columns. Connected by semicircular arches, including one that frames the entrance.
    Upper Section: Features an open arcade of isolated columns.
    Arcade topped with 14th century Gothic additions.
    Roof: Crowned by hemispherical roof.
    Romanesque.
  • Campanile, Pisa
    1173

    Campanile, Pisa

    Circular Tower of 16 in diameter, 8 levels or arcades. (Romanesque).
  • Chartres Cathedral
    1194

    Chartres Cathedral

    Renewed for stained glass windows. (Gothic).
  • Cloister of Saint John Lateran.
    1215

    Cloister of Saint John Lateran.

    Romanesque architecture