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Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was the expansion of new territories. As the original 13 colonies started to be more independent they wanted to expand so they establish the Northwest Ordinance. The Northwest Ordinance added 5 new states to the United States. While expanding it caused some major issues involving the expansion of slavery in the new states which caused division between the North and South. -
Louisiana Purchase
The colonies purchased this land from France for 15 million dollars. The Louisiana Purchase expanded the colonies all the way from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and Louisana to Montana. They sent Lewis and Clark to explore the lands. However, the purchase caused a lot of opposition in the states including Thomas Jefferson who was the president at the time. Thomas Jefferson was unsure about the purchase because the Constitution didn't provide for acquiring new territories. -
Missouri Compromise
In 1819 there were equal free states and slave states. When Missouri applies as a slave state it threatened the balance between the slave and free states. The compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. 36'30 was a line for the expansion of slavery. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe was a Document that warmed European COuntries not to recolonize Latin America. Since the United States was still new and weak they wanted to stay neutral but strongly opposed the creation of new colonies among the Latin American republics that recently gained independence. -
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis occurred because the Southern in South Carolina protested against protective tariffs. They stated that they had the right to nullify a law that poses a threat or will harm the state quoted by the Constitution. Since the South was mostly agricultural and was depended on the North and foreign countries for manufactured goods they saw that those tariffs will damage their economy. -
Bleeding (Bloody) Kansas
Bleeding Kansas started because the United States allowed citizens to decide whether it should be a slave state or a free state. This debate led to extreme violence. John Brown led anti-slavery fighters in Kansas before his famed raid on Haper Ferry. This crisis really pulled the North and the South apart and had a great deal to do with causing the Civil War. -
Texas Annexation
Until the Annexation, Texas was apart of Mexico. Settlers from the United States declared Texas as an independent state. Debating whether Texas will be a slave state or free state caused issues between the North and South because the slave and free states were balanced and they didn't want one or the other to have more power. But in the end, texas became a slave state. Following the Annexation of Texas, the Mexican- American War broke out over which part was Mexicos true border. -
Orgeon Treaty
Oregon treaty was a treaty that was signed between Great Britain and the United States. The treaty settled the land dispute. James Polk who was the president during that time made a compromise to a joint occupation in which citizens of both countries could settle. James Polk made this compromise because he didn't want to start a war. -
Mexican Cession
Mexican Cession completed Manifest Destiny. Mexican Cession allowed the United States control of the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. The United States acquired this territory by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and ended the Mexican- American war. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state. It divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into territories. The sale of slaves was prohibited in Washington D.C. Passed the New Fugtice slave law required Northerners to return runaway slaves enforced by the federal government. -
The 13th Amendment (passed)
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States after the Civil War. Was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865. When slavery was illegal southern states had to free slaves even though they didn't want to. -
Kansas - Nebraska Act
The Kansas - Nebraska Act overturned the Missouri compromise by allowing popular sovereignty North of 36'30. Both sides sent supporters to sway the votes. This lead to the debate of pro-slavery and anti-slavery. Which turned violent cause an uproar in Kansas known as Bleeding Kansas. This led to the emergence of a new political party the Republican Party -
Battle of Fort Sumter
The First Battle of the Civil War. The Battle started when confederate forces fired on the Union by Garrison. The Garrison commander surrendered on April 13th and was evacuated the next day. The outcome of the war depended upon the economic resources of the North and South. The geographic factors that influenced strategy and the military and Political leadership that influenced public support. -
Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run also known as the Battle of Manassas marked the first major land battle of the Civil War. Although Union troops had the upper hand in the beginning the Confederacy was triumphant. The defeat of the Union shocked those who hoped the war would end quickly. Lincoln replaced McDowell with General George G. McClellan in hopes he would lead the Union to victory. -
Gettysburg Address -1863
Lincoln visits the Gettyburgs battlefield to dedicate a cemetery for fallen soldiers. He describes the Civil War as a struggle to fulfill the Declaration of Idependendence and preserve a nation " dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. -
Presidential Rconstruction
These plans were made by Lincoln and Andrew Jackson to start reconstruction. Lincoln and Jackson's plans were called the 10% plan. Only 10% of voters in the 1860 election needed to Oath to the Union and accept terms of the Emancipation. But the plan wasn't fulfilled because Lincoln was assassinated. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation didn't free slave from all states only those that were rebellious. When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced as a Military Measure against the Confederacy. Adding the liberation of slaves to the war goals made it impossible for the British whose population was strongly opposed to slavery to continue to support the Southern War. -
Battle of Vicksburg
The first attempt to capture Vicksburg in the summer of 1863. Grant Lays siege against Vicksburg after multiple attempts to capture the city. Lincoln believes that the capture of Vicksburg is key to bringing an end to the war. The surrender of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Lee set off to Pennsylvania to take some Union ground. Although the Confederates seemed victorious as night fell on the first night of the battle swift thinking and action on the part of the Union put them at an advantage. Lee retreats to Virginia. Second and last attempt of the South to invade the north. -
Battle of Antietam
Known for the single bloodiest day of the war, 23,000 soldiers laid dead or wounded. This was the first Southern invasion into the North. After General Lee retreated to Virginia, Lincoln had found the opportunity he needed to move forward with the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Sherman's March to Sea
William Tecumseh Sherman led his forces on a March to the Sea from Tennesse to Georgia border utilizing scorched earth methods. He wanted to capture the port of Savannah, Georgia. -
Congressional Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction's goal was to punish the South. They passed the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867. This split the Confederacy into five military districts all controlled by the U.S Army to better enforce the Reconstruction amendments and to protect freedmen's rights. The 14th amendment was ratify granted birthright citizenship. -
The 14th Amendment (passed)
The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all the people born in the United States, including former slaves. It forbids states from denying any person life, liberty, or property without due process of law. -
The 15th Amendment (passed)
The 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. No man can be denied the right to vote because of race, region, or ethnicity. Did not include women -
Plessy v Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled that the "separate but equal" provision of the Lousiana law was constitutional. This case established separate but equal, also known as segregation as constitutional. After the Jim Crow Laws that discriminated against African Americans spread across the U.S and were heavily enforced in the South.