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The Library Company of Philadelphia
Benjamin Franklin was a self-made man and self-educator. He published the Poor Richard's Almanack in 1772, and in 1731, he founded the first library in Philadelphia. He valued formal education especially science. -
Horace Mann
Horace Mann was a lawyer and state senator but left the law industry to become U.S. Secretary of Education in 1837. His first normal school opened in Lexington, MA in 1827. He became known as "Father of Education", as he became very powerful because his ability to "turn a phrase". He advocated that teachers would teach as a profession, and viewed classrooms as laboratories for learning. In 1900, 31 states required students ages 8-14 to attend public schools. -
Hull House
Jane Addams founded the Hull House in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois. It was a charity education for the poor, that provided free social opportunity for the working class, mostly immigrants. The Hull offered literature, history, are and domestic activities, and nutritious food for the sick. In the Hull, was also a daycare and homeless shelter. In 1931, Jane Addams received the Nobel Prize Award. -
Adult Education
Malcom Knowles found that adults didn't like classical studies, but more on what was revalent to their jobs, solving problems and personal life. The Manpower Development and Training Act provided funds to help train and retrain adults because of change in automation and technology to become productive learners. -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
After Linda Brown was denied in all white school, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) started a lawsuit. They challenged that it was a violation of the 14th Amendment. Chief Justice Earl Warren concluded "Separate, but equal".
