Historical Perspectives on Supervision

By juanitacowan
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    Supervision as Inspection

    *Period began in the medieval era

  • Horace Mann establishes Board of Education

    Through his seat on this board, Horace centered through 6 fundamental ideas, one of which was that education be provided by well trained teachers.

  • Payne publishes first textbook on supervision

  • Greenwood's supervisory methods established

    Based on intuition
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    Supervision as Social Efficiency

  • Administrator role defined as male

    By William E. Chancellor. Said that women's role was better as special supervisors, who helped less experienced teachers.

  • Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

    Published by Frederick Winslow Taylor, showed elements of how to increase worker efficiency.

  • The Principles of Scientific Management Applied to Teaching Music in Public Schools

    C.A. Fullerton presents this paper at the National Education Association meeting

  • Newlon's Cult of Efficiency

    Newlon brings forth that schools should be democratic, with the teachers having input.
    He promoted teachers working collaboratively to improve the curriculum.
    (Gamson, 2004)
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    Democracy in Supervision

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    Scientific Supervision

  • Rating Scales and Reports

    Both Barr and Stevens influenced during this time for supervision to become more scientific.
    (Allan, 2007)

  • Beginning of clinical supervision theory

    Conant is credited with the basis of the theory years before it came to surface.

  • Teacher as an individual

    Issue of Educational Leadership Magazine published in which 2 articles promote the teacher as an individual. (Marzano, Frontier & Livingston, 2011)

  • "Instructional Supervision: A Guide to Modern Practice" publish by Melchoir

    Describes the role as supervisor as much more than classroom visits. (Marzano, Frontier & Livingston, 2011)
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    Supervision as Leadership

  • Relationship building by Leeper

    An article in Educational Leadership tied in relationship building with effective leadership.
    (Allan, 2007)

  • Goldhammer publishes "Clinical Supervision: Special Methods for the Supervision of Teachers"

    A book about clinical supervision that involved a dialogue between the supervisor and teacher.
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    Clinical Supervision

  • Clinical Supervision theory

    Cogan develops off of Conant's 1939 ideas.

  • Morris wrote "Clinical Supervision"

    Emphasis that teachers are not "in training" but rather always continuing their education. (Marzano, Frontier & Livingston, 2011)

  • The Hunter Model

    Published by M. Hunter in her book "Knowing, Teaching and Supervising" outlined a framework for lessons in which many supervisors used as a "prescription" for evaluation. (Marzano, Frontier & Livingston, 2011)
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    Changing Concepts Model of Supervision

  • Glickman's Supervision in Transition

    Moving towards instructional leadership with the goal of supervision being to improve instruction

  • Team Empowerment

    Teachers becoming a part of the decision making process

  • Enhancing Professional Practice: A Framework for Teaching - First publication

    Charlotte Danielson first published Enhancing Professional Practice which included 76 aspects of quality teaching.
    (Marzano, Frontier & Livingston, 2011)
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    Standards Based Supervision

  • "Linking Teacher Evaluation and Student Learning" published by Tucker and Stronge

    Uses student achievement as means of teacher evaluation