-
Advance Placement (AP)
AP Class was first part of reform to encourage students, after WWII to pursue higher education, bridging the gap between secondary and higher education. AP started off as a pilot program, granting college credit to students upon completing and taking the college test, giving students an edge when applying for colleges.
Stone, A. 2014. A brief history of advance placement exams. Smart Shopping. Retrieved from http://mentalfloss.com/article/56692/brief-history-advanced-placement-exams -
First Loan Offered to High School Students
Under the National Defense Education Act, high school students were offered loans if the pursue math, science, engineering, foreign language or teachers. Along with loans, students were offer grants and scholarships. The chart shows the a 10 year span on how now student loan is the highest debt individuals owe compare to mortgage, auto or credit card. If the trend continues, student debt will increase. It is no surprise that tuition increase each year, thus more student debt increase. -
How First Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) Started (San Diego, California) and Today's Impact
Mary Swanson, founder of AVID, started her teaching career in 1966 and quickly learn that her students were not performing and at a disadvantage compare to other students. In 1980, she had enrolled 32 students in her AVID class, in which 30 student attend a two or four year college. In 2018, more than 6400 students are enrolled in 47 states in grades K-12. The history of AVID (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.avid.org/cms/lib/CA02000374/Centricity/Domain/1059/AVID_HeritageStory_20180622.pdf -
First Dual Credit Class
California was the first state to enact a state wide dual enrollment program in 1976. Dual enrollment as define as a program that allows high school students to earn credit for their high school and postsecondary education. See video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgFt2XQxTyE Mokher, C. & McLendon, M. (2009). Uniting secondary and postsecondary education: An event
history analysis of state adoption of dual enrollment policies. American Journal of Education, 115(2), 249-277. doi:10.1086/595668 -
First Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) Class
AVID first started in an English classroom to help and aid disadvantage students in San Diego to be college-ready. The goal for AVID is to make the dreams of all the students they serve to make their of going to college become true. AVID serves as a class to give students the necessary skills needed to be prepare when applying for college. History of AVID (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.avid.org/our-history -
First Early College High School-Bard High School Early College (BHSEC) at Simons Rock College
BHSEC was the first high school to work alongside a college to help underrepresented high school students. The goal is to get more students to think about their future and how to get there. BHSEC has a concentration in math, science, history, English and Foreign Language. Botsein, L (2003). Bard High School Early College. Peer Review, 5(2), 17-19. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.easydb.angelo.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=48c91064-7d79-479f-ae20-f48055f9ffc6%40sdc-v-sessmgr06 -
Under the No Child Left Behind Act of 200, schools are to expose students about college and careers
Under one of the provisions of No Child Left Behind of 2001, school districts are to encourage and expose students to the opportunities of postsecondary education. This included the following programs: career and technical education, Advance Placement, International Baccalaureate, Dual Credit or early college high schools. 20 U.S. Code § 6314 b
No child left behind (n.d.). inkFreeNews. Retrieved from http://www.inkfreenews.com/tag/no-child-left-behind/ -
Early College Programs
Under the Texas Education Code, school district are to allow to enroll "at risk" students to an early college education program. Early college programs will provided at least 60 semester credit hours towards a Bachelor's degree, credits transferable to other universities, while obtaining high school credit. The goal is to promote college and encourage students to post secondary education. Some school districts provided free textbook and little to no cost for college classes. 28 TEC § 29.908 -
College Credit Program for High School Students
Under the Texas Education Code, school districts in Texas have to offer at least 12 credit hours toward college credit hours. Credit hours can added towards International Baccalaureate, advance placement or dual credit classes in core or dual language courses. This program is in place so that high school students take advantage of free college classes. 28 TEC § 28.009
R. N., 2017. Texas Education Code. Retrieved from https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/texas-education-code-2017/id1051746758?mt=8 -
Book: Paying the Price-Low Income Students at Risk
The primary reason student why low income students are at risk the lack of information when it comes to tuition and cost of attendance. Recent research show there are more student applying for college and financial aid while the funding is starting to limited as described by Goldrick-Rab, Anderson, & Kinsley (2016). Some institutions have taken the approach of first come first serve when it comes to applying for aid. Would being part of AP, dual credit and ECHS save students money? -
Reference for Book
Goldrick-Rab, S., Anderson, D. M., & Kinsley, P. (2016). Paying the Price : College Costs, Financial Aid, and the Betrayal of the American Dream. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved from https://easydb.angelo.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1295499&site=eds-live -
Reference for 1958
Gitlen, J. (2018). A look into the history of student loans. Lendedu. Retrieved from https://lendedu.com/blog/history-of-student-loans Severns, M. (2013). The Student loan debt crisis in 9 charts. Retrieved from https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/06/student-loan-debt-charts/
