Auschwitz

HI364 The Holocaust and Nazi Germany

By Gatchene

  • Bismarck forms Germany

    Bismarck uses myth of German nationalism to unite German nation
  • Period: to

    De. pop. grows 60%

    Fuels industry and urbanization
  • Period: to

    The Great War

  • De. still thinks victory is possible

  • Clear that war is lost

  • End unrestricted submarine warfare

  • Kaiser Wilhelm forced to abdicate

    Flees to Netherlands

  • 1 Million casualties

    De. a shadow of its former self, it's a psychological defeat
  • Period: to

    Protests in De.

  • Treaty of Versailles signed

  • British blockade has devastating effect on De. ppl

  • Renaming of Nazi party

    Changes from German Workers Party (DAP) to National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)

  • Ruhr Occupation

    Heavy debt
    Decline in exports
    Followed with strike which causes hyperinflation
  • Period: to

    Governance of chancellor Gustav Stresemann

  • Beer Hall Putsch

    NSDAP capture head of Bavarian gov't
    Incite rev.
    March to Berlin
    Hitler arrested two days later

  • Hyperinflation in De.

  • Hitler sentenced to jail

    Sentenced to five years
    Serves eight months

  • Nazis launch propaganda campaign

    Get 18% of the vote

  • Nazis the largest party

  • Hitler appointed chancellor

  • Reichstag Fire

    Blamed on communist conspiracy
    Decree that suspended human rights
    Enabling Act that made Nazis the only legal party

  • Hitler passes Enabling Act

  • In De. 200k detained

    Mostly commies
    Allowed b/c of Reichstag fire
  • Period: to

    300k sterilized

  • Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring established

  • Period: to

    Night of the Long Knives

    Stormtroops/Brownshirts/SA purged.
    Fabricated betrayl
    Hitler looks like liberator

  • Theodor Ficke made Inspector of Concentration camps

  • De. begins to rearm

    Rearms
    Conscription brought back

  • 23 SA men in prison

  • Period: to

    De. implements revisionist foreign policy

  • Nuremberg Laws established

  • Successful rearmament of Rhineland

    Triumph increases ego
    Leads to future risky decisions

  • De in crisis

    Shortages in bread, material and currency
    Economic policy needed

  • Introduction of Four Year Plan

    De to be self sufficient
    Rely on less imports

  • Himmler made commander of all police forces in De.

  • Period: to

    SS Concentration Camp system established

  • Himmler appointed chief of German police

  • Germany takes Austria

    Austria yields to Germany
    Taken by force

  • Italy implements anti-Semite laws

    Pressured by De. to do so
    Laws not followed through

  • Economic Aryanization of property

    Jews not allowed to conduct business
    Jewish property confiscated
  • Period: to

    1,200 die in concentration camps

    1st targets: political opponents
    2nd targets: handicapped

  • Jews order to register their property

  • Hitler begins campaign to take Czechoslovakia

  • Kristallnacht

    7,000+ businesses/shops/apts burned
    10s of 1000s Jews arrested and sent to concentration camps
    Orders to pay 1B reichmarks for reparations

  • Czechoslovakia annexed by De.

  • Westerbork transit camp established

    Originally a refugee camp
  • Period: to

    Expulsion and concrentration

    Ghettoization
    Not extermination

  • The Law of Restoration of the Professional Service

    Non-Aryan civil servants forced to retire

  • De. & USSR sign Molotov-Ribbentrop pact

    Secret agreement which divides Poland b/w the two states

  • De. invades Poland and war declared

  • 250K Jews in De.

  • Period: to

    World War II

  • Judenrat established

  • Construction of Ghettos ordered

  • Poland surrenders to De.

  • Hitler authorizes sterilization program

  • 2.5M Jews under German control

  • Period: to

    Action T4 euthanasia program

    Handicapped killed
    Program stopped b/c public opposition
  • Period: to

    Jews from Polish territories deported

    5.6M deported to General Gov't

  • Odilo "Globos" Globocnik made SS and Police leader in Lublin

  • Period: to

    Resettlement of Poles in General Gov't

    280K during this time

  • De. begins plan to defeat USSR

  • Racial policy and war at stalemate

    Plans drawn up to defeat USSR

  • De. occupies Denmark

  • Lodz 1st ghetto sealed

    Jews cannot leave

  • Netherlands surrenders

    Occupied by people who believe in Nazi ideology

  • Armistice France and De.

    Vichy France collaboration with Nazis

  • Hitler divides USSR territories into N. and S.

  • Warsaw Ghetto sealed

  • Amsterdam rebellion

    Dutch commies strike against Jewish persecution

  • Belzec being constructed

  • Hitler believes he can implement Race & Space plan

  • Dire conditions in Warsaw ghetto

    Adam Czerniakov writes in diary
    Increasing starvation
    Decreasing Jewish wealth
    Supplies diminishing
  • Period: to

    Operation Barbarossa

  • 63K killed by Eisengruppen on Eastern front

  • Babi Yar

    Sept 29-30
    33K killed
    Near Kiev, Ukraine
  • Period: to

    Operation Reinhard

    1.5 million Jews killed

  • Reports on imports into Warsaw ghetto

    2.2M zloyts ($$$) of legal imports
    80M in illegal imports

  • Use of gas vans begins

  • 10K deported to Chelmno

  • Wannsee Conference

    Meeting of German officials
    Extermination of Jews already decided

  • First gassings at Belzec

  • De. begins deportations out of France

  • First gassings

    30K Jews from Lublin ghetto

  • First transports arrive at Sobibor

  • Summer, Western Jews now deported to Auschwitz

  • De. demands France deport 100K Jews by end of year

    Pierre Lavel complies

  • Killings start at Treblinka

  • Himmler orders that all Jews in General Gov't be liquidated by end of yr

  • Treblinka in crisis

    In first five week 300k Jews killed
    Arrivals stopped and corpses cleaned up (Aug 28)

  • Elder Rumkowski asks Jews to give him their children

  • Germans turn to deport Jews

    War going bad and blame Jews for it
  • Period: to

    Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

    15 Nazis killed, 90 wounded
    56k Jews captured either killed immediately or deported

  • Warsaw ghetto liquidated to Treblinka

    Treblinka shuit down shortly after
    700-900K killed

  • Germans retreat from Hungary

    They're losing

  • Allied invasion of Sicily

  • Italian King deposes Mussolini

    Ceasefire occurs

  • Treblinka uprising

    350-400 Jews killed
    400 escaped
    100 survive then; of them 50 see end of war

  • Autumn: Hungary Jews wear star and deported

  • Diplomat informs Denmark of impending deportation

    Jews smuggled out of Denmark into Sweden
    7,200 Danish Jews rescued in 2 wks
  • Period: to

    Italy: Jews rounded up and transit camps established

  • Sobibor Uprising

    47 Sobibor prisoners survive to see end of war

  • De. occupies Hungary

    Deport 300k Jews in 3 mths

  • Spring 1st evaucations in East b/c of USSR advancement

  • Hungary occupied by Germany

  • Period: to

    Majdanek prisoners transported to Auschwitz

  • Term "genocide" coined by Raphael Lemkin

    Used to explain Nazi and Turkish massacres of Jews and Armenians

  • Autumn Auschwitz prep for evacuation

  • Auschwitz gassings stopped

  • Auschwitz liberated

    7,500 liberated

  • Liberations mean an end for Himmler

  • Ohrdruf 1st Western camp liberated

  • Period: to

    Holocaust not spoken about

    Memorials emphasize nationality

  • Liberation of Dachau

  • Period: to

    Camp trials

    At Dachau, Belsen, Mauthausen, Ravensbruck
  • Period: to

    Int. Military Tribunal (IMT)

    Included major Nazis such as Hans Frank, Herman Goering, Alfred Rosenberg
  • Period: to

    Subsequent Nuremberg Trials (NMT)

    Includes doctors, Reich ministries, Einsatzgruppen

  • Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide approved by UN

  • Period: to

    Explosion of Holocaust Remembrance

    Reversed destruction of memory