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Jan 1, 1000
Paleo Culture
The Paleo Culture existed 12,000 years ago. They hunted large animals and followed them. They ate whatever they could get killed. They followed the animals and when they got close enough they would kill them with the spear. -
Jan 1, 1000
Archaic Culture
They ate deer turkey and bear. They killed whatever they could get close to them. They gathered nuts and berries for much of their food. They started in 8000 BC and ended in 1000 BC. -
Jan 1, 1000
Woodland Culture
They ate fish, nuts, berries, and some crops like squash and sunflowers. They grew wild greens in their garden. They lasted from 1000 BC to 1000 AD. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
Mississippian
They were the first group that was sucessful at living off of agriculture ( corn, beans, and squash ). They were the first true civilization. They grew maize, beans, pumpkins, and squash for crops. -
Nov 12, 1540
Hernando de Soto
He was searching for gold. He looked in other southeastern states. He kills many natives. He dies trying to find the gold but never found it. -
Charter of 1732
A charter is a legal document that grants special rights. Issued by King George, the charter established Georgia between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers. The charter excluded Catholics, blacks, lawyers and outlawes liquor. According to the charter, trustees could not pass laws without the King's permission. -
Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe
He was born in 1696. He became a member of the British Parliament in 1722. Oglethorpe was on the Prison Discipline Committee in Parliament. The colony could support itself financially by selling raw materials. Oglethorpe became a strong advocate for creating a colony for debtors. -
Salzburgers arrive in Georgia
The Salzburgers arrived from Austria for religious reasons. They were being persecuted by the Catholics in Europe. James Oglethorpe provided them with land and they named it Ebenezer. They moved because the land was not good, and named their new home New Ebenezer. -
Highland Scots arrive in Georgia
The Highland Scots were recruited by James Oglethorpe to help protect the new colony from the Spanish. They were from Scotland and were considered to be great warriors. The Scots were big and strong and were not afraid of anything. They settled in a city they would name Darien. -
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John Reynolds
He was a captian in the British royal navy. He was the first royal governor. He established a structure of royal government including courts, a council and the Commons House of Assembly. -
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Henry Ellis
He was the second royal governor of Georgia and was called " Georgia's second founder." Georgians greeted Ellis with enthusiasm when he arrived. He made a relationship with the Creek Indians ( friendly ). They had poor health and forced him out of office. He was responsible for self-government in Georgia. -
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James Wright
He was the third and last royal governor of Georgia. He was the governor during the American Revolution. During his term Georgia expanded and he encouraged settlement in the frontier. He was arrested in 1776 by the patriots and returned to London. He came back to Savannah when the British captured the city in 1779. -
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Eli Whitney Cotton Gin
Was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.Despite the social and economic impact of his invention,Whitney lost many many profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin.He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825.Born in Westborough,Massechusetts on December 8,1765.Whitney's mother,Elizabeth Fay,died in 1777,when he was 11. -
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American Revolution
9 year war between the French and the British. British troops had to be sent to protect the colonists from Indian attacks. Four laws enacted by Britian to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. Document stating the reasons that the colonists were upset with the English. -
Eligah Clarke & The Battle Of Kettle Creek
Led the troops at Kettle Creek. Defeated a group of 800 British soliders. Patriots took needed weapons and horses and raised the spirits of the Georgia militia. Named after Clarke County ( Athens.) -
Austin Dabney
Was a freedom mulatto. First non-white ( black ) to fight in the Revolution from Georgia ( injured in battle. ) Recieved land in Madison County for his service in the Georgia militia. Had an English and African parent. -
Articles of Confederation ratified by all 13 states
The first form of constitution for the new nation. Divided power between national and state governments. Each state had one vote regardless of size or population. In 1787 all states finaly agreed. -
University of Georgia Established
Brought economic development and more people to the area. The first public, state supported university in the United States. Established by the General Assembly. Na,ed after Athens Greece. Became an educational center of Georgia. -
Students at UGA
It is the flagship university of the state of Georgia.The university offers over 140 degree programs in a wide array of disciplines.The University of Georgia is organized into eighteen schools and colleges.The primary campus occupies 389 buildings on 759 acres.The University of Georgia also has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. -
Constitutional Convention of 1787
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was a meeting of all of the states in Philadelphia to discuss changes that needed to be made to the Articles of Confederation. Representatives from each state were there and took part in writing the U.S. Constitution. Abraham Baldwin and Willian Fe were Georgian's representatives. -
Georgia ratifies The US Constitution
William Few and Abraham Baldwin signed the US Constitution. Georgia ratified the new constitution for selfish reasons. Wanted the federal government to have power to unite the country. Needed federal government to help fight Native Americans in order for Georgians to move westward onto new colony. -
Invention of the cotton gin
Invented by Eli Whitney in April of 1793. It was a machine to separate cottonseed from the cotton plant. Before the cotton gin, it took hundreds of hours to separate seeds from the fibers. After the cotton gin up to 50 pounds could be cleaned in a single day. The increase production led to a heavy need for slavery. -
Capital moves from Augusta to Louisville
Citizens were moving west and lawmakers wanted the capital in the center of the population. The capital moved to stay in the center of the population of Georgia. Town named after King Louis XVI of France. Opened the Louisville statehouse on May 1795. -
Yazoo Land Fraud
Land companies formed to buy large pieces of land in western Georgia and Alabama along the Yazoo River. The companies would make money by selling the land in smaller portions to individuals . The government reversed th Yazoo Act on February 18, 1796. Both South Carolina and Spain aslo claimed some of the land and the matter went to court settlement. -
Missouri Compromise
The purpose is to keep the number of free and slave states equal. A line drawn at 36'30 latitude to show the border between free and slave states. North of the line would be free states. South of the line would be slave states. -
Dahlonega Gold Rush
Gold was found in north Georgia summer of 1829. In 1830, the state claimed all the terrioty occupied by the Cherokee. Auraia became the center of gold production. Gold coins are highly prized by collectors today. -
Trail of Tears
Term given to the removal of the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. Federal troops rounded up Cherokee and forced them to march from Georgia to out west. Many died from disease,starvation, and exposure to cold weather. -
Indian Removal Act
On May 28,1830 the Indian Removal Act was signed into law. It stated that all natives that lived in existing states could trade lands for land west of the Mississippi river. ( It was not an option.)
Eventually federal troops were sent to round up all Cherokee that refused to leave. -
Worcester vs. Georgia
Supreme court case of Samuel Worcester vs. the State of Georgia. Worcester was a missionary living in Cherokee terrioty ( white ) ( against the law. ) Worcester and 10 other missionaries were arrested for being in Cherokee terrioty ( against arrested by the Georgia government. ) Chief justice John Marshall rules in favor of the Cherokee and Sam Worcester, stating that Georgia had no right to Cherokee terrioty. -
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Rebecca L. Felton
Was an American white supremacist,lynching advocate,writer,lecturer,reformer, and politician.She was sworn in November 22,1922 and served just 24 hours.She is the only woman to have served as a Senator from Georgia.She was a prominent society woman.She was the oldest freshman senator to enter the Senate. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 attempted to keep the states together. California became a free state. Slave trading ended in the District of Columbia, and law enforcement would return runaway slaves to their owners. New Mexico and Utah territories would decide for themselves about slavery. -
Fugitive Slave Law
Ambolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Law" for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves.By1843,several hundred slaves a year were successfully escaping to the North.Many Nothern states wanted to circumvent the Fugitive Slave Act.Was passed by the United States Congress.It sought to force the authorities in free states to return fugitive slaves to their masters. -
Kansas - Nebraska Act
The Kansas Nebraska Act created terriotories of Kansas and Nebraska.Bloody fights broke out between proslavery and free soil groups.There was a lot of violence in Kansas between the proslavery people and the free soilers.The slavery issue would not die.Stephen Douglas of Illinois brought about passage of the Kansas Nebraska Act. -
Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was a slave.He was taken from the slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois.Dred Scott divided the North and the South and pushed them closer to war.Dred was a slave so he could not sue.Slaves were not citizens. -
Election of 1860
Was the 19th quadrennial presidential election.The United States had been divided during the 1850s.The election was held on Tuesday November 6,1860.In 1860,these issues broke the Democratic Party into Northern and Southern fractions.Seven Southern States declared their secession and later formed the Confederation. -
Georgia Secedes
During the war,Georgia sent nearlt 100,000 soldiers to battle.Georgia seceded from the Union as the "Republic of Georgia" and joined the newly formed Confederacy the next mmonth during the prelude to the American Civil War.The state switched from cotton to food production.The Georgia legislature voted $100,000 to be sent to South Carolina.Their largest prisoner of war camp was at Andersonville. -
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Union Blockade
Was a naval tactic by the Northern government to prevent the Confederacy from trading.The U,S, commissioned 500 ships.The Blockade was proclaimed by President Abraham Lincoln in April 1861.Many attempts to run the blockade were successful.These blockade runners were operated largely by the British. -
Antietam
Near the town of Sharpsburg.Maryland.The bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War.Led by Robert E. Lee.23,000 soldiers were killed.Was the army of Northern Virgina's invasion into the North. -
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Gettysburg
Was a turning point in the Civil War.Was in Pennsylvania.Was resulted in a Union Victory that ended Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North.War's bloodiest battle with 51,000 casualties.The Union Army was led by General George Gordon Meade. -
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Chicamauga
Union General Willam Rosecrans led his troops against Confederate General Braxton Bragg.By November 1863, General Ulyssas Grant arrived with more troops and recaptured Chattanooga.Bragg's army defeated the Union forces.Bragg's army forced the Union Army back to Tennessee.Bragg did not follow up on the Union retreat. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Sherman's army burned everything in a path sixty miles wide.Sherman destroyed all military targets and the civilan economis system.On December 22,1864 Sherman sent a wire to President Lincoln.Union troops took over Savannah.Savannah surendered. -
13th Amendment
It ambolished slavery but it did not ambolish discrimination.President Andrew Johnson made ratidication of the amendment a requirement for the southern states to rejoin the Union.By 1865 most of the southern states including Georgia had passed a number of laws known as Black Codes.It was ratified in December 1865 to the U.S. Constitution. -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to the freedmen.Forbaded any state from denying anyone the " equal protection of the law." Congress passed the amendment in June 1866.It was ratified in July 1868.Was called the Reconstruction Amendment. -
15th Amendment
Granted all male citizens the right to vote.Submitted to the states in February 1869.Ratified in February 1870.Regardless of race and color or previous condition of servitude.Called the Reconstruction Amendment. -
First African American
Visitors in the Senate galleries burst into applause as Mississippi senator-elect Hiram Revels of Mississippi entered the chamber to take his oath of office.After the war,Revels moved to Mississippi,where he won election to the state senate.Revels was about to become the first African American to serve in the Senate.Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner brought the debate to an end with a stirring speech. -
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Jim Crow Laws
Was racial segregation laws enacted between 1876 and 1965 in the United States at the state and local level.The U.S. military was also segregated,as were federal workplaces.These Jim Crow Laws followed the 1800-1866 Black Codes.Generally,the remaning Jim Crow Laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954. -
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FDR Elected
Was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States.He was a democrat.A dominant leader of the Democratic Party.He was a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century.He was elected four times and served from March 1933 to his death in April 1945. -
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Leo Frank Case
He was a Jewish-American factory superintendent whose murder conviction and extrajudicial hanging in 1915 by a lynch mob.He was posthumosusly pardoned in 1986.Frank was convicted on August 25,1913.He murdered a 13 year old girl who was named Mary Phagan.Frank died on August 17,1915 at the age of 31 in Marietta,Georgia. -
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Mayor Hartsfield
Was an American politician who served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta,Georgia.He is credited with developing Atlanta's airport into a national aviation center.He was responsible for fostering Atlanta's image.Was a strong activist to permit unathletic children to play sports.He won election to his last term as mayor. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
A landmark united States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States.The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1 with the majority opinion written by Justice Henry Billings Brown."Separate but equal" remained standard doctrine in U.S. law.In 1890,the state of Louisiana passed a law (the Separate Car Act).Which required sepaparate accommodations for blacks and whites on railroads. -
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Mayor Allen
Was an American businessman who served two terms as the 52nd Mayor of Atlanta,Georgia.He provided pivotal leadership for transforming the segregated and economically stagnant Old South into the progressive New South.He became President of the city Chamber of Commerce in 1961.He was a founding member of Atlanta's influential Commerce Club.He died at the age of 92 on July 2,2003. -
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County Unit System
Was a voting system used by the U.S. state of Georgia to determine a victor in statewide primary elections.It was formally enacted by the Neill Primary Act of 1917.The 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories.Candidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes.121 counties were classified as Rural. -
Jimmy Carter President
An American politician and a member of the Democratic Party.He served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.By 1980,Carter's popularity had eroded.Carter served as a U.S. Navel officer before he became president. -
Great Depression
The people of the United States had borrowed more money than they could afford to repay.Businesses that did not get paid had to lay off workers.Many factories had produced more goods than they could sell.This hurt the banks that had loaned the money and the businesses waiting for their payments.Farmers were guilty of overproduction. -
Black Tuesday
Also known as the Stock Market Crash of 1929.Was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States.It signalled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression.It affected all Western industrilized countries.Also called the Wall Street Crash of 1929. -
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Roosevelt's New Deal
Was a series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936,and a few that came later.The New Deal produced a political realignment.They included both laws passed by the Congress as well as prsidential executive orders during the first term (1933-37) of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.The Republicans were split.The programs were in response to the Great Depression. -
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Maynard Jackson
Was an American politician.A member of the Democratic Party.And the first African American mayor of Atlanta,Georgia serving the three terms (1974-82,1990-94).Jackson's grandfather was the civil rights leader John Wesley Dobbs.Jackson married his first wife,Burnella "Bunnie" Burke,in 1965. -
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World War 2
Brought prosperity to Georgia.Great Britain was an ally.Roosevelt gave Great Britain old weapons.In 1941 Britain ran out of cash.Roosevelt gave lend-lease aid to the Soviets. -
Pearl Harbor Attack
Was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy.The attack led to the United States' entry to world War 2.All eight Navy battleships were damaged,with four being sunk.The attack was intended as a preventive action.One Japanese sailor was captured. -
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Holocaust
Was the mass murder or genocide of approximately six million Jews during World War 2.Led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.A Jewish prison camp.Over one million Jewish children were killed in the Holocaust.One of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust,approximately two-thirds were killed. -
FDR Dies in Warm Springs
Passes away after four momentous terms in office.He left Vice President Harry S.Truman in charge.Roosevelt sat in the living room with Lucy Mercer (with whom he had resumed an extramarital affair.) Eleanor delivered her speech that afternoon and was listening to a piano performance when she was summoned back to the White House.The couple's daughter Anna arrived and the women changed into black dresses. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court Case.This ruling paved the way for integretion and was a major victory of the civil rights movement.The decision overturned the Plessy vs.Ferguson decision of 1896.The court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.This policy had been endorsed in 1896. -
Sibley Commission
Was the brainchild of Griffin Bell.The governor chose John Sibley to head the commission.Sibley also believed that massive resistance was futile.Sibley was selected because he opposed integration.60 percent of witnesses favored total segregation. -
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Albany Movement
Was a desegregation coalition formed in Albany,Georgia on November 17,1961 by local activists.The organization was led by William G.Anderson,a local black Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.The Albany Movement mobilized thousands of citizens attracted nationwide attention but failed to accomplish its goals.The three helped encourage and coordinate black activism in the city.It was credited as a key lesson in strategy and tactics for the national civil rights movement. -
March on Washington
The march is credited with helping to pass the Civil Rights Act (1964).Observers estimated that 75-80% of the marchers were black.Estimates of the number of participants varied from 200,000 to 300,000.It took place in Washinton,D.C.Thousands of Americans headed to Washington on Tuesday August 27,1963. -
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1996 Summer Games
Also known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad.Took place in Atlanta,Georgia.A record 197 nations.Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games.Comprising 10,318 athletes. -
1956 State Flag
Was adopted on May 8,2003.The flag has three red and white stripes,with the state coat of arms (taken from the state seal) on a blue field in the upper left corner.The flag's design is based on the First National Flag of the Confederate States of America.In the center of the canton is a circle of 13 white stars.The words of the state motto,"Wisdom,Justice, and Moderation"
