Geologic Column

  • 54,200 BCE

    Cambrian Period

    Cambrian Period
    Sudden explosión of life; trilobites dominant; rise of other marine invertebrates; some vertebrates.
  • 48,830 BCE

    Ordivician Period

    Ordivician Period
    Trilobites abundante; vertebrates increase.
  • 44,370 BCE

    Silurian Period

    Silurian Period
    Land colonized by arthropods and plants.
  • 41,600 BCE

    Devonian Period

    Devonian Period
    First amphibians; freshwater fish; wingless insects.
  • 35,920 BCE

    Mississippian Period

    Mississippian Period
    Amphibians spread; sharks and Bony fish; winged insects.
  • 31,810 BCE

    Pennsylvanian Period

    Pennsylvanian Period
    Giant insects; first reptiles.
  • 29,900 BCE

    Permian Period

    Permian Period
    Modern insects; reptiles spread; evergreens; extinctions of trilobites.
  • 25,100 BCE

    Triassic Period

    Triassic Period
    First dinosaurs; rise of mammal-like reptiles.
  • 19,960 BCE

    Jurassic Period

    Jurassic Period
    Giant dinosaurs; early birds; first mammals.
  • 14,550 BCE

    Cretaceous Period

    Cretaceous Period
    Mass extinctions(including dinosaurs);flowering plants appear.
  • 6550 BCE

    Paleocene Epoch

    Paleocene Epoch
    Early mammals become dominant; rise of modern birds.
  • 5580 BCE

    Eocene Epoch

    Eocene Epoch
    First horses.
  • 3390 BCE

    Oligocene Epoch

    Oligocene Epoch
    Primitive apes; whales; first modern mammals.
  • 2300 BCE

    Miocene Epoch

    Miocene Epoch
    Rise of grading mammals.
  • 530 BCE

    Pliocene Epoch

    Pliocene Epoch
    Peak of mammals; modern invertebrates.
  • 180 BCE

    Pleistocene Epoch

    Pleistocene Epoch
    Ice Age(s); mass extinctions; rise of man.
  • Recent(Holocene) Epoch

    Recent(Holocene) Epoch
    End of last Ice Age; rise of human civilization.