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Achromatic lens were discovered by Chester Moore Hall. It is used in microscopes instead of single lens because single lens decomposes light into its components while achromatic lens doesn't. Sources:
http://www.exmormon.org.uk/tol_arch/whyprophets/prophets/1830.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatic_lens -
Gregor Mendel experimentally proved the transmission of traits in discrete, indepenent pairs of units. Source:
http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html -
Frederick Miescher managed to get DNA out of a sperm of trout. He called it nuclein. Source:
http://www.dnaftb.org/15/bio.html -
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Walter S Sutton did some experiments on quantitative traits in broad beans.
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The first time to introduce the term "Genetics" by William Bateson.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan came up with a theory about the l
sex-linked inheritance. It was applied on the first mutattion of fruit fly, Drosophila and white eye. -
George Beadle and Edward Tatum managed to reveal the relation between the genes and enzymes. They found that genes are responsible for producing particular genes.
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Erwin Chargaff found that Adenine has the same amount as Thymine and Guanine has the same amount as Cytosine in DNA samples.
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Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase discovered that DNA are the molecules that are responsible for heredity.