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Gregor Mendel
Experiment: He test crossed pea plants.
Contribution: He figured out that parents pass on discrete genes. Genes retain their individuality generation after generation -
William Bateson and Reginald Punnett
Experiment: They were working with flower color and pollen shape in peas. They crossed double heterozygous plants.
Contribution: They discovered Punnett squares and linked genes -
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Experiment: He observed the inheritance of traits in fruit flies.
Contribution: He discovered that the affect of crossing over creates gamete diversity. -
Archibald Garrod
Experiment: He observed inherited disease called alkaptonuria. It turns urine red. He said that the person was missing an enzyme that broke down what made the urine red -
Frederick Griffith
Experiment: He started with pathogenic and harmless bacteria. He killed the pathogenic bacteria and gave the cell remains to the living harmless cells. It turned the bacteria pathogenic.
Contribution: He discovered there was a transforming factor the causes heritable change. -
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
Experiment: They studied the same type of molds on the same surface. The ones that couldn't grow were lacking an enzyme and had a defective gene.
Contribution: Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes. -
Erwin Chargoff
Experiment: On a polynecleotide chain he discovered that A pairs went with T and that G pairs went with C
Contribution: Adenine in DNA is equal to thymine. Guanine is equal to cytosine. -
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Experiment: they used radioactive isotopes in protein and 8 DNA
Contribution: DNA was genetic material of bacteriophage T2 -
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
Experiment: They made an X-ray crysallographic photo of DNA.
Contribution:Their picture was the first that gave the basic shape of DNA which is a double helix. -
James Watson and Francis Crick
Experiment: They used wire and made a mosel following the photo from Rosalind Franklin and they used data that was already known.
Contribution: They discovered DNA's shape was a double helix. They discovered the position of nitrogen bases. The diameter is two nm and the bases were 1/3 nm apart. -
Marshall Nirenburg
Experiment: He synthesized artificial RNA by linking identical RNA nucleotides.
Contribution: He deciphered the first codon.
