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The first generation had a magnetic core memory.They used 50,000 vacuum tubes so that the computer didnt over heat.These computers weighed 250 tons and took up one acre of ground space. They were not the most reliable technology.
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The IBM built the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Enviroment) This computer was built from the technology of Whirlwind. The SAGe was used for early U.S, air defense system. Back then this was the first large computer network that was a man-machine.
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John Eckert and John Mauchly was the ones to make the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer). this computer was ment to be for working buisnesses only. The UNIVAC programmers used a short code that was dveloped as a set of instructions.
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This computer was the unit of overall 701 Data Processing System. This computer involved 274 assemblies taht took off all the systems that involved computing and control functions by having electric pulse by speeds that go up to one million to a secound
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John Von Neuman invented the EDVAC (Electronuc Discreet Variable Computer). The memory for this computer would be written to and read. This computer had a central control unit which could calculate and output all the math and the noraml computer problems. They had a area to store programs and data called Ram.
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The second generation is from 1959-1964. The storage with removable disk in 1954 or in a magnetic tape. The computer is smaller, there was no warm-up time, less energy, less heat, faster, and it was more reliable but not as much as they are now. The second generation had different languages for computers. They had an assembly language, a PORTRAN in 1954, and COBOL in 1959. The second generation had time-sharing process.
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In 1963 the Mini-computer was about as large as a fridge and used transistors andmagnetic core memory. He digital introduced the first successful minicomputer.
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In 1964 the real-time reservation system. IBM developed a computer for the American Airways in this computer was a real-time computerized ticket reservation system. This system/computer was called SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment). The SABRE was smaller then SAGE.
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The third generation of computers was in 1965-1970. Integrated Circuit, Electronic circuit on small silicon chip, reliability, compactness, low cost, in expensive-mass-produced.The computers smaller, faster and more reliable. Also the power consumption is lower, and high-level languages appeared.
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In 1965, Gordon Moore, the semi-conductor pioneer (founder of Intel), predicted that the number of transistors that occurred on a microchip would double every year. It became known as Moore’s Law and still is today.
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In 1968, Intel was founded (Integrated Electronics).
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In 1968, Magnetic core memory was replaced by a microchip. The first 256 bit RAM microchips and later the first 1 Kb RAM (1024 byte) chips caused the disappearance of Magnetic Core Memory that was used since the mid 1950’s.
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In 1969, IBM System 370 replaced their System 370 that only used integrated circuits.They developed more sophisticated memory chip. Burroughs used integrated circuits in parts of two computers- the B2500 and the B3500. Control data and NCR made two computers using only integrated circuits- the CDC 7600 and the Century series respectively.
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In 1971 the microprocessors brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits we rebuilt on to a single silicon chip. A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a microprocessor. Microprocessors also control the radios to fuel-injection systems for automobile.
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1971, Pascal was some early programming languages. Niklaus Wirth, a Swedish computer scientist, developed the Pascal language. This language was specifically designed to teach the concepts of structured programming. 1972, 8008 Intel released the 8008, an 8 bit processor, powerful enough to be used as the CPU of a minicomputer. The CP/M (Operating system) wsa the first operating system for microcomputers was developed by Gary Kildall and John Torode. Torode developed hardware to connect a diskett
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In 1974, 8080 Microprocessor, was released. It made the development of the microcomputer possible. MARK-8 Jonathan Titus (a chemist with an interest in electronics) ordered an 8008 processor from Intel.
