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Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping/tenant farming was an agriculture that allowed a landowner a tenant to use the land in return for a share or crops produced on their land. This has had a long history and situations/agreements attached to this. This agriculture also developed in Georgia and throughout the south following reconstruction. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment of the US has abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime bye person. It states the "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the US or any place subjected to their jurisdiction." It became part of the Constitution on 1789. -
Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passes by Democrat-controlled Southern states in1865 and 1866 after the Civil War had ended. These laws had the intention and the end result of restrictions African Americans from their basic freedoms and compelling theme to work in a labor economy based on law wages. These laws were used mostly during the voting freedom and were used to try and make it hard for them to not vote by unfair taxes and testes. -
Lynching
Lynching is an unreasonable punishment by an informal group of people. It was used often to characterize informal executions made with mobs and together punished groups of opposite race or agenda. Lynching in the United States rose in numbers after American Civil War in the late 1800. -
14th Amendement
The 14th Amendment of the US Constitution was made on July 9th 1868. It stated that " All persons born or naturalized in the US and subject to the jurisdiction therefor are citizens of the US and of the stated where in they reside. No state shall make or enforce immunities of citizens of the US." -
15 Amendment
The 15t Amendments of the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by delating their rights. The that was given was that " The rights of citizens of the US to vote shall not the denied or abridged by the US or by any state or account of race, color, or previous condition or servitude." It was officially added in 1870. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v, Ferguson was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court decided in 1896. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "Separate but equal." It had a 7-1 majority and advanced the controversial diction for assisting the constitutional segregation laws. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment was added to the Constitution on August 18, 1920 and it had granted American Woman the right to vote. It started that "right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any states on account of sex." Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment was added to the American Constitution in 1932. It helps us have a set time stand for presidents and legislators. It started that " Terms of the president and Vice president shall end at non on the 20th day of January and the terms of senator and representatives at noon on the 2rd day of January." -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration is a US government created by the National Housing Act of 1934. It had set standards for construction and underwriting and insure loans made by banks and other private leaders from home building.It had been passed in 1934. -
Hector P. Garcia
Dr. Hector Perez Garcia was a Mexican-American physician, surged, WWII veteran, civil rights advocate and the founder of AGIF, American GI Form . He was a strong advocate for Hispanic-American rights during the Chicago movement, He was the first commission and was the later awarded the Medal of Freedom. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were laws passes for racial segregation directed agains the black communities at the end of the 19th century, these beliefs and lies about the black communities have now become the laws. They required racial segregation. This had lasted from 1876 to 1965. It had helped provide this basis fro segregation and discrimination agains African Americans. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public school for students was unconstitutional. This overturned the Plessy V. Ferguson decision os 1896. It had a 9-0 decision that states "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." -
Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending race-bases segregation in schools, public, work, and any other part of everyday life. It was strongly focused in in the Civil Rights Movement, both before and after Brown v. Board of Education. This helped strongly endorse the start of desecration . -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King JR was an American Baptist, minister and activist who became the most visible speaker and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He had used the tactics of non-violence and civil obedience based on the Christian beliefs and were inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. He also lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement and was called the "first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement." In 1955 she had refused to obey James F. Blake's, bus driver, orders of moving to the back if the bus in order for a white passages to sit there. This action had caused her to get them thrown in jail, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott was a seminal even in the Civil Rights Movement. It was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery. This boycott lasted 13 month but ended with the US Supreme Court ruling the segregation go public buses is unconstitutional. -
Orville Faubus
Orville Faubus was an American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. In 1957 he became the national symbol of racial segregation when he used National Guardsman to block the enrollment of nine black students who were ordered to desegregate Little Rock's Central High School.His actions alerted Eisenhower who ordered federal troops to protect the children. -
Civil Rights Acts of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first federal Civil right legislation passes by the US Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. It was signed by President Eisenhower and established civil tights division is the Justice Department. It empowered federal officials to prosecute the individuals that conspired to deny other citizens the right to vote. -
Sit-ins
A sit-in, or sit-does as they are otherwise know, are a form of direct action that involved one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economical change. The Greensboro sit in at Woolworth's is Greensboro NC in 1960 is a great explain of a sit in. It launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South and opened a national awareness of the depth of segregation in the nation. This had spread until sit-ins were occurring in dozens of cities. -
Nonviolent Protest
Nonviolent Protest is the practice of reaching a goal like social change through protest which don't include violence. Some examples of the nonviolent protest was the Montgomery Bus Boycott which was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1955. This method of Nonviolence protest revealed around the act of simple boycott and Christianity. -
Civil Disobedience
Civil Disobedience is professed refusal to obey certain laws, demand, and commands of a Government or an occupying international power. Civil disobedience is also defined as having to be nonviolent to be called "civil disobedient." This can be shows in the civil rights movement through the 1950's which helped end racial segregation in the southern US. -
Affirmative Action
The Affirmative Action is the outcome after the 60th civil rights movements. This action intended to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and the woman who were educated and employed. It also had policies initially focused on improving opportunities for African American who were employed and educated. -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan was an American activist, writer, and feminist. She was a big part in the woman's movement in the United States and had written a book in 1963 called the "The Feminine Mystique." This book is also created with sparking the second wave of American Feminism in the 20th century. She had also helped advocate the Woman's right movement as one of the founders of the National Organization of Woman (NOW). -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment of the US Constitution was ratified in 1964. It states that it prohibits both congress and the states from practicing the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. It also states "the right of citizens of the US to vote in any primary or other elections for President or VP for elections for President or VP or for senator or representative shall not be denied by the US by a reason failure to pay taxes." -
Civil Rights Acts of 1964
The Civil rights of 1964 was a landmark civil right and use labor law in the United States. This new civil rights had outlawed any discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It is considered one of the most crowing legislation achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Head Start
The Head Start Civil Rights movement was born of president Lyndon B. Johnson war on poverty in the middle of the civil movement of the 1960s. It was created in a way to provide a range a educational, medical, social, and psychological services to poor children and their families. -
Lester Madox
Lester Maddox was an American politician who served as a the 75th Governor of the US state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. He came to prominence as a staunch segregation when he refused to serve black consumers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. He later served as lieutenant Governor during the time that Jimmy Carter was Governor. -
Upward Bound
The Upward Bound programs are implemented and monitored by the United States Department of Education. The program is one of a cluster of programs now referred to as TRIO, all which owe their existence to the federal economic opportunity act of 1964. It helps provide fundamental support to participants and was passed in 1965. -
Voting Rights Acts of 1965
The Voting rights Act was signed by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965. The aim of this act was to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exerting their right to note under the 15th Amendment. It made sure that anybody could vote and this wasn't challenged or questioned by anyone. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the US. In 1967, Marshall became the first african-american justice of the supreme court. Marshall was instrumental in ending legal segregation. -
George Wallace
George Corley Wallace Jr. was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms. Wallace is best known for his Southern neo-dixiecrat and pro-segregation "Jim Crow" positions during the mid-20th century period of the Civil Rights Movement. He declared in his 1963 Inaugural Address that he stood for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chaves was an American Labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. In 1968 he lead a boycott that resulted in a collective bargaining guaranteeing field workers the right to unionize . He had dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay, and working conditions for farmers. -
26th Amendment
The 26th Amendment was ratified in 1971 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt . It was during the WWII when he changed the 26th amendment and lowered the minimum age for military draft age to 18. After that he went to state " Old enough to fight, old enough to vote." Now the age that is required in order to vote is 18 and no longer 21. -
Title IX
Title IX was part of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 and it is a federal law. It had stated that " No person in the US shall, on the basic of sex, be excluded from participation, or be denied the befits, or be subjected to discrimination under education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."