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Civil Disobedience
A public, nonviolent, conscientious, yet political act, contrary to law, usually done with the aim of bring about change in the law or policies of the government. -
Black Codes
The Black Codes were strict and organized. They restricted the rights and movements of freed African Americans, the blacks worked in cotton fields under supervision, and they refused to seat Alexander and elected representatives and senators from ex-Confederate states. -
13th Amendment
Abolition of slavery: Slavery is not allowed in any state or territory under the government of the U.S.A. -
14th amendment
Civil Rights in the States; All persons born or naturalized in the United States are subject to its laws and cannot be denied any of the rights and privileges contained in the Constitution. -
15th Amendment
Black suffrage: Citizens cannot be denied their right to vote because of their race or color or because they were once slaves. -
Sharecropping
Although slavery had officially had ended after the Civil War, the South's economy remained dependent on agriculture; sharecropping was a new method to acquire very cheap labor for landowners. enant farmers were white and black, but both remained dependent on the landowner. -
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation refers to the policy of keeping black and white Americans separate from one another. In 1875, the Enforcement Act, or the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was passed by 'Radical Republicans' in an effort to end Jim Crow laws. However, it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court within a few years. -
Lynching
Lynching is important in US history as it was a method used by the KKK in order
to show black people that they are not going to be protected by the government -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme court case that violated the 14th amendment; jim crow laws were set up because of this. It also upheld racial segregation laws for public facilities under the "separate but equal". -
19th amendment
Guaranteed women the constitutional right to vote -
Nonviolent Protest
The practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent. -
Federal housing Authority
Established by FDR during the depression in order to provide low-cost housing coupled with sanitary condition for the poor -
Hector Garcia
He was an advocate for Hispanic-American rights during the Chicano movement. He was the first Mexican-American member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission and was awarded the Medal of Freedom. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Racially segregated schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, reversed "separate but equal" from Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Desegregation
Was a long focus of the Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
The most important voice of the American civil rights movement, which worked for equal rights for all. He was also a Baptist minister. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, when he was just 39 years old. -
Rosa parks
Rosa parks sparked this country's civil rights movement by refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks was arrested and fined for violating segregation laws. But her stand became a catalyst. -
Orville Faubus
He was the governor of Arkansas during the time of the Little Rock Crisis. He attempted to block the integration of the school by using the national guard, leading to a confrontation with the Eisenhower and ultimately integration of the school. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
After Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. It brought Martin Luther King to light
Attracted media attention. -
Thurgood Marshall
An American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor -
Civil Acts of 1957
Primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted in the United States since Reconstruction. It was proposed by Congress to President Dwight Eisenhower. -
Betty Friedan
wrote "The Feminine Mystique," an account of housewives' lives in which they subordinated their own aspirations to the needs of men; bestseller was an inspiration for many women to join the women's rights movement later co-founded NOW (National Organization for Women) -
Sit-ins
A form of civil disobedience in which demonstrators occupy seats and refuse to move. By April there were 50 000 participants throughout the South, and followed a non-violent policy. This continued daily, and some whites joined in. Crowds of hostile students began to abuse the protesters but they didn’t react. A new form of protest had been discovered. -
Affirmative Action
Actions appropriate to overcome the effects of past or present practices, policies, or other barriers to equal employment opportunity -
Cesar Chavez
Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them. -
24th amendment
Outlawed the poll tax, which was used to discourage poor southerners (blacks) from voting -
Civil rights act of 1964
This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. -
Upward Bound
Program that provides high school students better opportunities to attend college; created by Higher Education Act of 196 -
Head Start
A program for poor preschoolers, set up by the Elementary and Secondary Edu Act of 1965, which was designed to prepare them for elementary school and it gave nutritious meals and medical exams. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. -
Lester Maddox
A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a segregationist, when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. -
George Wallace
Pro-segregation governor of Alabama who ran for pres. In 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of segregation and law and order, loses to Nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot and is left paralyzed -
26th amendment
Lowered the voting age to 18 -
Title lX
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. -
20th amendment
Set the inauguration day as January 20th.
