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Translated as "washing away of wrongs", this book was the first written account of using medicine and entomology to solve criminal cases; it was written in China in 1248 by Song Ci: a director of justice, jail, and supervision during the Song dynasty. -
In the 16th-century of Europe, medical practitioners in the army and at universities began to study the causes of death, gathering information. Two italian surgeons Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid down the foundation of modern pathology by studying by studying changes that occured in the structure of the body as a result of disease.
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In 1784 the first recorded instance of physical matching of evidence was used to convict a man from England named John Toms. The evidence was a torn edge of newspaper in a pistol that matched newspaper found in his pocket.
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In 1806, a German chemist named Valentin Ross developed a method of isolating arsenic in a victim's stomach to advance the investigation skills of deaths by poison: known as toxicology.
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In 1854, photography is first used to identify crimes in San Francisco California; it is the first state to use this, created by Alphonse Bertillon in the nineteenth century! -
A scientist named Francis Galton identified the following finger prints patterns: simple loop, central pocket loop,double loop, lateral loop, plain whorl, and accidental. He identified two types of arches: plain arch and tented arch. -
Argentinean police officer, Juan, Vucetich, is the first person to use fingerprints as evidence in a murder investigation. He created a system of fingerprint identification; he named it dactyloscopy. -
In 1880, Henry Faulds and William James published a paper describing the uniqueness of human fingerprints.
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Anthropometry is a system using various measurements of physical features and bones; it is used through-out the United States and Europe.
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In 1909, Rodolphe Archibald Reiss founded the first school of forensics in Switzerland.
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In 1910, Victor Balthazard and Marcelle Lambert published the first study on hair, including animal hair.
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A policeman and physiologist out of California named John A Larson invented a machine to simultaneously measure continuous changes in blood pressure, heart, rate, and respiration rate in order to test deception to tell whether a person is lying or not -
Phillip O. Gravelle and Colonel Goddard received credit and are said to have created the comparison microscope, for use in firearm investigations. -
In 1937, The Luminol was first used at crime scenes to find traces of blood by Walter Specht. -
In 1943, Oswald Avery, Colin Munro MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty discovered that DNA carries genetic information. -
In 1983, Sir Alec Jeffreys developed the DNA fingerprint technique -
The (NDIS) stands for the National DNA Index System; it is used to identify profiles with crime scenes and human remains.
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In 1999, the FBI was the organization in which established the AFIS.
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The (AFIS) stands for Automated Fingerprint Identification System, established by the FBI.
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In 2000, Michigan State university develops facial recognition software. -
In year 2000, the television show known as crime scene investigation (C.S.I) launches the mass public interest in the field of forensic science. -
Japan is the country who developed the dental x-ray matching system, allowing a forensic dentist to extract DNA from the pulp chamber to cross match and identify a victim; investigators can examine dental records to match them to a corpse, and bite marks to identify a suspect.