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Made some of the first recorded notes about unique finger characteristics.
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First recorded event of physical evidence being used to lead to a conviction. The evidence in question was a ripped newspaper, found on a pistol and matched to evidence in the convicted's pocket.
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Invented a better and more precise way of detecting small traces of Arsenic, in bodies or otherwise.
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-The Father of Forensic Toxicology-
Published the first indepth publication on the detection of poisons. -
Clothing of a farm worker were examined and found to match evidence present on the murder scene of a drowned woman.
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The US city of San Francisco uses photography for criminal identification, being the first to do so.
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Ditto
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-The Father of the Mugshot-
Introduced the Bertillon System (Anthropometry), which was used to identify people by their physical appearance with measures of the body. -
Two individuals by the names of Henry Faulds and William J. Herschel publish a paper discussing how fingerprints are unique. Later on, scientist Francis H. Galton writes the first definitive study of fingerprints and creates a classification system, publishing a book on it in 1892.
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Argentinian officer Juan Vucetich becomes the first to use fingerprints as evidence in a real investigation. He also creates a system for fingerprint identification, called dactyloscopy.
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Discovered ABO blood typing
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Realizes that all gun barrels are not made the same, and that they all leave identifying markings on fired bullets.
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Victor Balthazard and Marcelle Lambert publish the first study on hair, leading to the first legal case to involve hair shortly afterwards.
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The first crime lab is established for the police in LA.
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Polygraphy is invented by John Larson, created for police use.
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First to testify during a trial on the detection of Arsenic within a victim's body.Considered to be the first "expert witness" to use science in this context.
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Sound spectrographs are discovered to be able to record voices. Voiceprints then on are used in in investigations/as evidence from devices like phones.
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FBI establish the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), a national filing system for wanted people and stolen/illicit property.
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New technology is developed in the US to detect gunshot residue, which can link suspects to crime scenes and show how close subjects were to the weapons.
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DNA fingerprinting leads to the conviction of Colin Pitchfork in a murder case, clearing the main suspect to likely would have otherwise been convicted.
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DNA fingerprinting methods are developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys.
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DNA profiling convicts a Tommy Lee Andrews for a series of sexual assualts.
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DNa evidence is officially certified as reliable evidence by the National Academy of Sciences.
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The FBI establishes a automated fingerprint identification system, which cut down the response time on finger print inquiries from two weeks to two hours.
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New technology accelerates DNA profiling time, cutting it from 6-8 weeks down to 1-2 days.
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An online footwear coding/detection system is developed in Britain, which helps police identify footwear markings quickly.
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A way for scientists to visualize fingerprints after the print has been cleaned away is created, relating to how fingerprints can corrode metal surfaces.
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A software that matches facial sketches to mugshot databases is developed in Michigan.
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A dental x-ray matching system is developed in Japan, which automatically matches x-rays to databases in less than 4 seconds.