-
The Atlantic slave trade was a segment of the global slave trade that lasted from about 1450 to 1809. It transported about 10 to 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Arms, textiles and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa, enslaved people from Africa to the Americas, and sugar and coffee from the Americas to Europe. -
The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson and was helped by John Adams. They believed that God made all men equal and gave them the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness but not African Americans. But Africans Americans began to assert that these principles applied to them to. -
An act of congress allowing masters to recapture escaped slaves who had reached the free states. Masters also had the authorization of local courts; masters were allowed to return with the slave or slaves to their home state.
-
The War of 1812 was a conflict between the US and the UK and its allies, including some Native Americans, from 1812 to 1815. It was caused by trade restrictions, impressment of American sailors, and territorial disputes. The war saw invasions and attacks on both sides but ended with no major changes in borders or policies. -
Laws passed in the Northern States that banned or restricted black settlement and limiting the rights of black residents. Black men were rarely allowed to vote and their employment opportunities were limited. White people often demanded segregated housing, schools, and transportation.
-
This is a part of the Compromise of 1850. It required law enforcement officials as well as civilians to assist in capturing runaway slaves. -
An attempt by the US Congress to settle divisive issues between the North and the South. These issues included slavery expansion, apprehension in the North of fugitive slaves, and slavery in the District of Columbia. -
The US Supreme Court case that ruled against Missouri slave Dred Scott. Declaring that black people were not citizens. That black people had no constitutional rights and were considered property. -
It pitted Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln against Democratic Party nominee Senator Stephen Douglas, Southern Democratic Party nominee John Breckinridge and Constitutional Union Party nominee John Bell. The main issue of the election was slavery and states’ rights. Lincoln emerged victorious and became the 16th president of the United States. -
Issued by Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in areas of the Confederate states that were not under Union Control. Although implementation was strictly beyond Lincoln's powers, the declaration turned the war into a crusade against slavery. -
Laws that were passed in each of the former Confederate states following the Civil War. While giving African Americans rights as the right to marry, to contract a debt, or to own property. The codes severely restricted the rights and opportunities of former slaves in terms of labor and mobility.
-
The 12 years following the Civil War, during which the former Confederate states were restored to the Union. Former slaves were made citizens, gained the right to vote and hold political office.
-
General William Tecumseh Sherman issued this military directive in January of 1865. The military directive set aside lands along the Charleston in South Carolina to Jacksonville in Florida for former slaves. Six months later President Andrew Johnson revoked the order. -
After the Civil War, former slaves worked on lands owned by white people. African Americans were "paid" for the use of the land and for tools, seeds, fertilizer, and mules. By sharing the crop, which was usually cotton, with the landowner. -
Lynching isa public killing of a person without legal process or authority. Between the years 1889 and 1932, 3,745 people were lynched in the United States. The people were either hung, burned at the stake or shot. -
In an 8-to-1 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation did not violate the 14th amendment. The "separate but equal" doctrine remained the law until Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 overturned Plessy. -
A medical study by the US Public Health Service from 1932 to the 1970s. They studied the effects of syphilis on 622 black men. The men were only given placebos and no treatments for the disease. The US Public Health Service did this so they could study the progression and development of syphilis. -
A movement created by A. Philip Randolph to pressure the federal government to end discrimination in the defense industry and government. By the end of June President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the Executive Order 8802, prompting Randolph to call of the march. -
From 1955 to 1956 African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama refused to ride the cities buses until they were desegregated. This came to be when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her set on the bus for a white passenger. -
This act created an Office of Economic Opportunity that created programs to help poor communities. Head Start was created to help disadvantaged preschoolers, Upward Bound was made to help prepare impoverished teenagers for college, and Volunteers in Service to help the poor and uneducated across the country.