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The Arc
This organization was established by a group of parents who expressed their concerns about the education their disabled child was getting. The Arc has been able to support the parents and children though federal legislation. It includes different chapter, in different states. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case fought for the desegregation of all public schools in the United States. It also fought for the ideas that 'separate but equal' was unconstitutional. This was the beginning of legislation regarding students with disabilities. -
Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia
This case insured that all students had equal rights. It was procedural law that was later added to Public Law No. 94-142. The board had denied access to education to students who had special needs. The Court decided that free public educational services, or a private alternative paid for by the board of education must be given to the student based on their needs. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Pennsylvania & Mills v. D.C Board of Education
Federal court decided that children with mental disabilities would be given free and appropriate public education. The cases challenge officials that did not what equality. Student with disabilities should not be excluded from the classroom and should be protected under the law.
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
This law prohibits discrimination in the workplace and schools that receiving federal funding. The plan order that plans are in place for eligible disabled students who need accommodations in order to receive FAPE. Least Restrictive Education mandates is essential element to the learning environment. -
Public Law No. 94-142
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. The law secured the laws and rights to ensure equal access to a public education for all children who are disabled. A key element was that prior notice would have to be provided to the parent regarding anything that deals with the child or FAPE. -
The Rowley Decision
U.S Supreme Courts first interpretation of what was called the Education for All Handicapped Children (now called Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA). A two part test can be given now when working through case issues. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Law prohibits discrimination by employers and services received by state and/ or local government, in places of public accommodation. Public schools are included under this law by providing civil rights protection to the individuals who have disabilities and by not discriminating. -
Individuals with Disabilities Act - IDEA
This was a federal law passed to make sure that all students with disabilities would have get a free public education regardless of any mental or physical disabilities. Many different services are provided under IDEA, and all of them education.Services include speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychological services, and rehabilitation.
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No Child Left Behind
The goal of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is to "level the playing field" in terms of education. There are standards to be met for yearly progress. Sanctions are applied if some of the standards are not met The goal is shorten the gap and to also level the playing field.
