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1930s - B.F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning (also called "instrumental conditioning") is a type of learning in which (a) the strength of a behavior is modified by the behavior's consequences, such as reward or punishment, and (b) the behavior is controlled by antecedents called "discriminative stimuli" which come to signal those consequences (Wikipedia). Image retrieved through Hubstatic (n.d) -
World War II: Systematic Training
During World War II, the military applied a systems approach to learning design, which became the forerunner for today's instructional systems design (ISD). The research and theories of B. F. Skinner on operant conditioning affected the design of these training programs, which focused on observable behaviors (Estep, 2008). Image retrieved from George Mason University (n.d) -
1940s - ASTD: American Society for Training and Development
The organization was first established and discussed during a committee meeting that was held in New Orleans, La at the American Petroleum Institute. "The Association for Talent Development (ATD) is a professional membership organization supporting those who develop the knowledge and skills of employees in organizations around the world. The association was previously known as the (ASTD) American Society for Training & Development" (ATD,2016). Image retrieved from ASTD (2016) -
1950s - Instructional Design System (ISD)
Instructional system design arose out of the 50-60's as educational technology development paralleled and modeled the systems approach processes emerging within the military and industrial worlds. The traditional approach to education was viewed mostly as piecemeal. ISD attempted to integrate all the components of the instructional process into an effective and efficient system (ISD, 2010). Image retrieved from ISD (2010) -
1960s - Robert Mager’s Performance-Based Learning Objectives
According to Mager, a learning objective should include the following three components: A performance (performed by the learner, remember–we just covered that)
Conditions (under which the learner must perform the performance)
Criteria (by which the performance is evaluated by another; or, in other words, how well the learner must perform the performance) (Dalto, 2014) Image retrieved from The Kepner-Tregoe
Project Management Model (n.d) -
1980s - Electronic Work Station
In technology, the first electronic workstations came on the market in 1981 (Estep, 2008). The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications (Computer History, 2016) Image retrieved from Computer History (2016) -
1990s - E-Learning
E-Learning took the world by storm. No longer were students required to sit in the average everyday classroom, but now can learn from the comfort of their homes or workplace electronically. Image retrieved from Eruditio (n.d) -
2000s - Present
Collaborative Learning and Social Learning are some of the newer forms of educational training that has become popular this century. Training professionals in today's society have leaned more toward enhancing and coming up with new and exciting methods to grasp the learners attention. Such as using social media in the classroom to keep the learner engaged at all times. Image retrieved from Pluselearning (n.d)
