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Skulls found in france shows signs of a rudimentary surgery called trepanation, which involves drilling a hole in the skull. Trepanation is making a burr hole is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull, exposing the dura mater, to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases or release pressured blood buildup from an injury.
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A new type of craftsmanship emerged in towns. It was the barber surgeon. They cut hair, they pull teeth and they performed simple operations such as amputation and setting broken bones.
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Amputations were performed in the 1700s. Most wounds were caused by musket balls or the bayonet. There are cases where the bone was damaged so severely that a limb could not be saved, the surgeon performed an amputation without the type of anesthesia or sterilization we know today. They would use a curved amputation knife, surgical scissors , forceps and a tourniquet
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The first use of anesthetics is used on patients . The anesthetic made the patient unconscious but unable to feel pain. The first use of appendectomy was performed. The first x-ray was performed.
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The first transplant was performed for lungs , heat and hips. Thee laser was invented and then used for eye surgery 4 years later . In the late 20th century the were able to treat brain cancer with a laser.
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Surgery continues to advance as the first face transplant was performed in 2005. The first leg transplant took place in 2011 and the first womb transplant took place in 2012.
