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It was made by Franklin Bobbit. He called it “The Curriculum.” -
It was made by Francis Parker. It's a child-centered curriculum. -
Emphasizes the importance of experiential learning. He stresses the importance of the curriculum as a means of determining the environment of the child, and allowing the teacher to guide children in asserting themselves, exercising their capacities, and fulfilling the destinies of their own nature. -
W.W Charters articulated seven rules that governed the curriculum construction. -
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They defined curriculum as "all experiences children have under the guidance of the teachers". In this regard, the curriculum should contain all the experiences needed by the children to learn, and a teacher should only act as a guide or facilitator. -
This work focused on the administrative aspects of the curriculum and called for the application of four basic principles in the development of any curricular project. These four basic principles include:- Defining appropriate learning objectives.
- Establishing useful learning experiences.
- Organizing learning experiences to have a maximum cumulative effect.
- Evaluating the curriculum and revising those aspects that did not prove to be effective.
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She emphasizes the need to develop school programs, based on a curricular theory that is based on the demands and needs of society and culture. -
The concept "Hidden curriculum" was first introduced by researcher Phillip Jackson -
Where he diagnosed student turmoil as symptomatic of failures in schooling. He prescribed curricular changes and teaching devices that were based on liberal arts, which could actively engage students in their education -
He defined curriculum as “an attempt to communicate the essential principles and features of an educational proposal in such a form that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of effective translation into practice.” -
The 1988 Education Reform Act created the National Curriculum. That brought with it mandatory inclusion of a foreign modern language, together with the learning of both Greek and Latin.
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