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Albany Congress
The attendees at the meeting were the colonial leaders, The British Government and the Iroquois tribes . It took place in Albany, New York. The reason for it was the British wanted the colonies to agree to cooperate in defending themselves against the French. They hoped to form an alliance with the Iroquois against the French. They declined because they thought the French would win. -
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French and Indian War
The war was fought by the French Indians Vs British Colonists and the Iroquois. Both wanted control over the Ohio River Valley. Took place in North America. The British and colonists won the war. The British took over almost all of the land owned by the French. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was signed by Britain and France. France decided to surrender. France lost almost all the land that it owned in North America besides New Orleans. Great Britain also gained all other French territory east of the Mississippi, with the exception of New Orleans. Britain also got Spanish Florida, and New Orleans went to Spain. This also affected the Native Americans, this is because without the help of France they couldn't stop British settlers from moving on their lands. -
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Pontiac's War
It was fought between Pontiac and an alliance of Western Native Americans against the British at their forts and settlements in the area. The British defeated the Native Americans in a battle near Fort Pitt. It happened because the Native Americans west of the Appalachian Mountains were desperately trying to keep their lands so fighting began between the Native Americans and the whites. -
Proclamation Of 1763
It applied to the British and the Native Americans. It banned colonial settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. It was enforced because Britain wanted to avoid further wars with the Native Americans on the frontier. It angered many colonists because they believed in the right to reside wherever they wanted. Therefore it was widely ignored and proved impossible for the British to enforce. -
Sugar Act
This event was the effort of the British to impose new taxes on the colonies. It put an import tax on several products such as molasses. Soon after the colonists protested. -
The Stamp Act
This was also passed by the parliament. This act put a tax on all documents such as newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land titles, and contracts. They did this because they needed more money. They needed more money because they needed help funding the British troops. -
The Quartering Act
The Quartering Act was a way for the British to save money. The way they were going to do that was by making to colonists supply housing and food for the troops. The quartering act took place in Britain. Like before the colonists complained that their rights were being violated. -
Boston Massacre
British soldiers vs. British colonists in Boston . The colonists were mad that the parliament had not repealed the tax on tea. The colonists decided to surround a group of British troops and throw rocks and snowballs at them, then accidentally one soldier shot and everyone else shot killing 6. In the end 2 soldiers were convicted of murder and their punishment was to have their thumbs branded. -
Tea Act
The British Parliament passed the Tea Act. The Tea Act put a tax on tea without the colonists consent. It was intended to help the British East India Company. The Tea Act actually lowered the price of tea by allowing the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies. Some colonists acted angrily to the part of the act that gave the East India Company a monopoly on selling British tea in the colonies. -
The Boston Tea Party
The Sons Of Liberty were the people involved in this act. When the East India Company came to unload their tea the Sons Of Liberty threatened the captains who were bringing the tea in their ships. No tea was unloaded in New York, Philadelphia, or anywhere. But Thomas Hutchinson demanded it be unloaded in Boston, so it was. Two weeks later during the night a large group of men disguised as native Americans boarded the ship. In just 3 hours they threw. 90,000 lbs of tea into the water. -
Intolerable Acts
After the Boston Tea Party the British government was furious. As a reaction the British Parliament passed 4 laws. 1st they closed the port to Boston. 2nd and 3rd they increased the power of the royal governor and abolished the upper house of the Massachusetts legislature, and cut the powers of town meetings. Anyone accused of murdering someone in Britain, could be tried in Britain, rather than in the colonies. Finally, a fourth law strengthened the 1765 quartering act. -
The First Continential congress
This meeting was a meeting of delegates of all of the 13 colonies but Georgia. It took place in Philadelphia in September 1774.The delegates were John Adams and Sam Adams from MA, John Jay of NY, and George Washington and Patrick Henry from VA. They demanded the end of the intolerable acts add also called for the training of militias to stand up against the British troops. And also called for a new boycott against British goods. If they weren't met they planned to meet again in May 1775. -
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Minutemen were established. General Thomas Gage knew that the Minutemen were storing arms in concord so he sent 700 troops to attack. While the troops were marching Paul Revere and William Dawes warned the Minutemen. 77 Minutemen were waiting for the British when they arrived. The British commander ordered them to go home and they refused. All of a sudden 1 person shot and it led to everyone else shooting. In concord 400 Minutemen Fought. Eventually the British retreated toward Boston. -
The Second Continental Congress
The people there were Thomas Jefferson, a young lawyer from Virginia, John Hancock a merchant from Boston, and Benjamin Franklin from Philadelphia. They formed and army. They needed to defend themselves against the British. They chose George Washington as the commander of the newly founded continental army. They also decided they needed to fund the army so they started to print paper money. The Second Continental congress was starting to act like a government. -
Battle for Fort Ticonderoga
The same day the second continental congress began meeting a group of colonists attacked Fort Ticonderoga. This group was known as the green mountain boys. The Fort protected the water route to Canada. The leader was Ethan Allen. They attacked with 83 men. Their plan was to cross the lake at night and surprise the British in the morning.The British had only 42 troops and surrendered immediately. Then the Green Mountain Boys seized several dozens of cannons. -
Battle of Breeds and Bunker Hill
The Americans occupied Breeds hill with over 1,600 troops. They could fire at the British ships in Boston Harbor easily. They also occupied bunker hill which was nearby. The general of the British army William Howe, decided to attack straight up the hill. They marched up 3 times and only the 3rd time worked. And it worked only because the Americans ran out of ammo. The Americans proved they could stand up to the British . -
Olive Branch Petition
Many of the delegates of the 2nd continental congress were sure that restoring peace with Britain and their American colonies was a possibility, so they created the Olive branch petition which stated that the colonists were loyal to the king. It also asked if George could stop fighting so everything happening was solved peacefully. George threw it in the trash.He disagreed so George declared "open rebellion" Then parliament voted to send 20,000 soldiers to the colonies to end the revolt. -
Invasion of Quebec
Whil Britain was training the Americans went to Canada. One led by Richard Montgomery from fort Ticonderoga and Benedict Arnold from Maine. Arnold's troops were forced to boil candles, bark and shoe leather for food. During a severe snowstorm the Americans attacked. Montgomery was killed and Arnold was wounded. The Americans stayed out of Canada until May 1776. Weakend by disease and hunger the Americans withdrew leaving Canada for Britain. -
The British withdrawal from Boston
At this time Washington placed the cannons on high ground overlooking Boston. In March they withdrew from Boston by sea and never returned. Washington knew the war was far from over. Britain had the most powerful navy in the world. Britain got stronger by hiring mercenaries.