Ethical Philosophies

Idealism

1830

Plato is one of the first philosophers to discuss what might be termed Idealism, although his Platonic Idealism is, confusingly, usually referred to as Platonic Realism. https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_idealism.html

Realism

1850

Aristotle, a student of Plato who broke with his mentor's idealist philosophy, is called the father of both Realism and the scientific method
https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/PP2.html

Pragmatism

1870

Established by Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin and the Americans: Charles Peirce, William James, and John Dewey

Existentialism

1900

Appeared as a revolt against the mathematical, scientific philosophies that preceded it.

Neotheism

1994

Established by Thomas Aquinas, this is also known as theistic realism whereby "God exists and can be known through faith and reason"

Contemporary Philosophies

2000

Present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy.