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Plato is one of the first philosophers to discuss what might be termed Idealism, although his Platonic Idealism is, confusingly, usually referred to as Platonic Realism. https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_idealism.html
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Aristotle, a student of Plato who broke with his mentor's idealist philosophy, is called the father of both Realism and the scientific method
https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/PP2.html -
Established by Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin and the Americans: Charles Peirce, William James, and John Dewey
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Appeared as a revolt against the mathematical, scientific philosophies that preceded it.
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Established by Thomas Aquinas, this is also known as theistic realism whereby "God exists and can be known through faith and reason"
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Present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy.
