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1918...Germany surrenders to Allies, lose World War 1...
...and are forced to sign unfavorable Treaty of Versailles.
1. Lose Land
2. Lose military
3. Pay back money to winners -
Hyperinflation
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Tried to overthrow the government
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Hitler blamed the communists for burning the capitol building.
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First concentration camps set up, mostly for political prisoners
Early on, the camps for imprisonment and hard labor, not for killing -
-Eliminated people in Nazi party to be head of Nazis
-Rising popularity of Nazis forces Hindenburg to give him some power -
The Holocaust was a mass killing of Jews during WW2, in which Adolf Hitler and the Nazi's killed 5 million Jews, and 6 million innocent people. It ended in 1945.
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Basically gives power of decision making to Hitler
-within a few months, all other political parties besides the Nazis were eliminated
-This allowed Hitler to get rid of all his rivals
-At this time, we see an OFFICIAL BOYCOTT OF JEWISH BUSINESSES -
Nazis needed a way to identify Jews so they could discriminate them Nuremberg Laws defined people with 3 or 4 Jewish Grandparents as "Jewish" and 1 or 2 as "Mixed Blood"
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German Army moves into AUSTRIA and Germany annexes CZECHSLOVAKIA
To avoid war, other countries let them do it. -
In response to the murder of a German diplomat, orders are given to Nazi Party members to riot against Jewish businesses and homes... but make it look like a CIVILIAN uprising
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(Which has 3 million Jews in its population). WW2 begins on September 1st
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Nazis begin rounding up millions of Jews and confining them to Ghettos
Largest Ghettos were in cities like Warsaw or Lodz in Poland -
-Euthanaisa- systematic killing of those Germans whom the Nazis deemed ´´unworthy of life´´ because of mental illness or physical disability.
-Eventually, 80,000 people with disabilities will be killed
-BY 1942-43, the Nazis moved away from the Einsatzgruppen or "Mobile Killing Units" and planned to use death camps -
First "Death Camp" opens at Chelmno (in Central Poland)...
Vans with small gas chambers in the rear are used -
-Nazi Leaders approve the "FINAL SOLUTION" or plan to EXTERMINATE THE JEWS
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-Residents smuggled weapons in
-Uprising lasted for about a month
-SS troops arrested and deported residents after the uprising ended -
Prisoners fought back at death amps...
Treblinka (Aug. 1943) Sobibor (Oct. 1943)
After stealing weapons fro guards, prisoners tried to escape. Most were killed but a few dozen made it out and survived the war Auschwitz-Birkenau (1944)
Members of the Sonderkommando working in the Crematorium fought SS guards killing over 70, but all 250 as well as 200 others were killed in response -
-Allies advancing toward death camps
-Nazis evacuated prisoners, march them into Germany to avoid capture
-Brutal treatment and harsh conditions along the way -
Instead of fighting, many used non-violent forms of resistance including... -Prayer Groups
-Non-compliance
-Music
-Art work
-Schooling Non-Violent Resistance lasted throughout the whole war (1933-1945) -
The allies and the International Community put a number of Germans on trial for War Crimes, Crimes Against Peace and Crimes Against Humanity
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-Displaced Persons Camps- Areas for former prisoners to stay while searching for family and a permanent place to live
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appalled- to fill with horror,terrify, shock
portly- heavy or stout
conspicuous- Easily seen or comprehend, obvious
Insufferable- Unbearable; not tolerate
sustenance- That which sustains or supports life
aryan- A non-Jewish white person
anti-semitism- hostility toward Jews
dehumanization- deprive of human qualities
discrimination- harmful treatment of different categories, escpecially on grounds of race -
gestapo- German state secret police during Nazis rule
genocide- extermination of race
pogrom- Organized massacre
scapegoat- A person who is blamed for the wrongdoings
rucksack- knapsack, leather bag
blackout- turning out or covering of lights to prevent enemy detection and at lack
intolerable- unbearable
disgruntled- in bad humor; discontented
belfry- bell tower-attached to a church