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North Rivers steamboat
the average steamboat was 5 mph actually built by charles browne. is widely the first commercial successful steamboat operated on the hudson river. founders were robert livingston and robert fulton -
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New Immigration
immigrations moving to U.S. for jobs, education, and better living conditions. when america is allowed to have a limited amount of immigration, but when hit they cant allow anymore. -
bessemer process
the creation of fast processing steel was the cause of the growth in america and it brought steel prices lower, they also began to buid railroads which significantly expanded u.s. westward
named after the inventer Henry Bessemer
discovered by william kelly in 1851 -
homestead act
Several U.S. laws that gave an applicant ownership of land at little or no cost. -
13th amendment
abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.". -
14th amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude -
Transcontinental railroad
2,000 miles across contributed to the western movement by making transportation and economic oppportunities.
made things easier to transport things around. -
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gilded age and westward expansion
yolo -
James Garfield
he was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteov on july 1881 he was assasinated because his assasin Charles Guiteov was not appointed to a diplomat post that he felt he diserved his personal request ro garfield contiually rejected and eventually to stop coming back. spoil system is on informal practice when political party, after winning an election, gives goverment jobs to its voter as a reward for working toward victory. -
pendleton act of 1883
stipulated that goverment jobs should be awarded on the based of merit. the act provided selection of goverment employees by compertitive exams. started during the chester alan arthur administration. law applied to federal goverment jobs. -
commerce act of 1887
is a united states federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. the act required that railroad rates be and just but did not empower the goverment to fix specific rates.
the act created a federal regulator agency, the interstate commerce commission (icc) which is changed with monitoring railroads to secure that they complied with the new regulations.
the act was the first law to regulate private industry in the united states. -
sherman antitrust act
anticompetitive beahvior.
Monopoly/Cartel
Skeptic
Standard oil -
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Arms race
a competition between two or more parties to have the best armed forces and weapons. greater armies or superior military technology in a technalogical escalation. -
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Ellis Island
it was the gateway to millions of immigrants. 9-10 million immigrated through that path way. most immigrants were from europe. the did various test before you were accepted. -
J.P. Morgan
was a banker, financier, and art collector. he merged and financed alot. his reputation as a banker and financier helped bring investors to the buissness he took over -
USS Maine
was sent to havana in january 1898 to protect american interest during the revolt of the abans against the spanish gov.in the evening of febuary 15,1898 the maine sank when the foward gunpower magazines exploded. -
Henry cabot lodge
Influeced U.S. military policy around the time of spanish american war. -
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Spanish-American War
fought in the carribean and pacific. treaty of paris- temporary american control of cuba, indefinite colonial athourity over puerto rico, guam, and the phillipine islands from spain -
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muckraker
to search for an expose real or alleged corruption, scandals, or the like, especially in political examples are like yellow journalism mcclairs magazine. january 1903 the muckrakers provide detailed, accurate -
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Galveston movement
immigration program directed at diverting jews away from crowded east coast cities which already had poverty stricken immigrants. jacob schiff - 500,000 personal finances. increased antisementic programs in russia -
NAACP
Co founder of national association for the advancement of colored people. effect legally for rights of black people. -
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Angel Island
asain immigrants were not welcomed. they were locked up like criminals in cages for weeks, months, or even years. while waiting for enrty, many asain immigrants began carving poetry in the walls of their barracks. -
Tene$$ee valley Authority
provides navigation, flood control electricity, fertilization, and economic development in the TN valley in rural areas -
air conditioning
air conditioning helped people when it was hot. also helped during the great migration. -
House Commitee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
it was created to investigate activities going on which were considered disloyal. -
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Civil Right Movement
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Mendez vs. Westmister
Five Mexican-American fathers, (Thomas Estrada, William Guzman, Gonzalo Mendez, Frank Palomino, and Lorenzo Ramirez) challenged the practice of school segregation in the U.S. District Court in Los Angeles. They claimed that their children, along with 5,000 other children of "Mexican" ancestry, were victims of unconstitutional discrimination by being forced to attend separate "schools for Mexicans" -
Joe McCarthy
was an american politician who served as a republic U.S. senator. -
22nd amendment
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, -
"Truman Doctorine"
president harry truman made the doctorine it was made to prove that the u.s. would suport greece and turkey with economic and military aid,to prevent from falling into the soviet sphere. when the united states speculated if one state was influecnced of communism then the contrys around fell like a domino like effect. the containment policy is made to stop the spread. -
1948 desgregation of the u.s. military
Truman was the president of the time, he was the only one who could make direct orders to the military. Philip Randolph told Truman that if he did not end segregation in the armed forces, African Americans would start refusing to serve in the armed forces. it was called the executive order 8891 -
Marshall Plan
the idea was made to give the european nation the help out the economy. to get them to like us so that we can make trade easier. stabalize the economy. -
Delgado vs. Bastrop
Delgado vs. Bastrop is a court case which prohibited the segregation of Mexican-Americans in Texas illegal. A problem arose when the Mexican Americans were forced to attend inferior public schools. In 1947, a Federal Court District Judge stated that the segregation of Mexican-Americans was unconstitutional. -
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Berlin Airlift
Cold war is going on. it is the soviet which are fighting the u.s. they are fighting to take control of europe. the fight is taking place in germany. what the soviet does is to cut off any resources they had in order to survive. Berlin was is created after the airlifts. -
NATO
It was created to form an allicance to stand against the soviet union. it was made up of 70% of the world. -
Sweatt vs. Painter
The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education. At the time, no law school in Texas would admit black students, or, in the language of the time, "Negro" students. The decision was that at higher education there couldnt be segregation. -
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Korean War
Chine and the U.S. used north and south korea to fight for them and the war wasnt over till they settled an agreement. if one country was tooken over by soviet it would make the other countrys fall in place as well. -
Brown vs. Board Of Education
school committee or school board is the board of directors or board of trustees of a school, local school district or higher administrative level.
The elected council helps determine educational policy in a small regional area, such as a city, county, state or province. It usually shares power with a larger institution, such as the government's department of education. The name of the board is also often used to refer to the school system under the board's control -
Hernandez vs. Texas
Selection of juros base on race violates equal protection from the 14th amendment. -
Montgomery bus boycott- rosa parks
was a political and social protest campaign against policy of racial segregationon the public system of Montgomery Alabama -
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Vietnam War
it was considered colonialism because the french wanted to take over. it was considered the domino theory. if one country was to fall into communism then that would mean that contrys around would fall into place. the containment policy which was created to stop communism from spreading. that is all part of the truman doctorine. -
Southern Christian Leadership- Martin Luther King Jr.
This event followed up after the boycott succession. -
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Space Race
it was between the soviet and the us. the soviet union were the first to put men and women in space.but what the u.s. does first is to land on the moon. the strategy that the u.s. used was to take some russian scientist. Presidient John F. Kennedy was the one that approved the mission. -
Civil Right Act Of 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the law. the Act marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights. -
Sputnik lauch
it was launched during the international geophyisical year. what it did was that it was monitored by amateur radio throughout the world. is was only in orbit for 3 months after had traveled 70 million Km. -
Creation of NASA
National Aeronautics And Space Administration was made to encourage peaceful applicants in space science. -
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John F. Kennedy inauguration - fall of saigon
John F. Kennedy was nominated as the Democratic candidate for the presidency in the 1960 presidential election, defeating Republican candidate and Vice President Richard Nixon. In doing so he became the youngest man elected U.S. president and the first Roman Catholic president, but not the youngest presidentThe Fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam -
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Berlin Wall
The wall was created to stop the resources getting through. it was created in east germany. Germany is divided in half considered east and west germany. it was also set up for people not to escape. it marked the end of the cold war and sympolizes freedom. -
23rd amendment
permits citizens in the District of Columbia to vote for Electors for President and Vice President. The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961. The first Presidential election in which it was in effect was the presidential election of 1964. Before the passage of the amendment, residents of Washington, D.C. were forbidden from voting for President or Vice President as the District is not a U.S. state. However, they are still unable to se -
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Vietnam Policy of kennedy
Wants the us troops to stop the spread of communism. sends in many troops in order to stop the spread. -
4-F
a military classification under the United States' Selective Service System for candidates found to be unfit for military service after formal examination by the Entrance Processing Command -
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vietnam era
Because the beginning and end of the Vietnam War was rather ill defined, given its characteristics, it was necessary for the Federal government to set forth exact years of the conflict. The years contained in the Vietnam Era therefore do not necessarily coincide with the dates of any historical events prior to or after the war. However, for a number of reasons it was necessary to declare dates for that era. Military personnel who served during that period are said to have been on active duty dur -
Friendship 7
this launch made 3 orbits of the earth. john glenn became the first astronaut from america to orbit the earth. the flight took 4 hours and 56 minutes. when the spacecraft splashed down in the atlantic. -
Pres. Kennedy's moon Speech
The president is talking about the challenge that the united states will take to prove the the best of the energies and skills. which was the most important decison that will be made during during his incumbency in the office of the presidency. -
Cuban Missile Crisist
The United states decided to put missiles in turkey and italy which is located near the soviet union. so what the soviets did was to put their missles in cuba which is located near the U.S. the strategy that the U.S. had was that cuba was blockaided in. -
The March On Washington "i have a dream" speech
Martin Luther King Jr. talks about the emancipation proclamation -
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Vietnam policy of Johnson
He thought that the war was not as important he was more concerned with his great society. -
Letter From Birmingham
with coordinated marches and sit-ins against racism and racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. The non-violent campaign was coordinated by Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference. On April 10, Circuit Judge W. A. Jenkins issued a blanket injunction against "parading, demonstrating, boycotting, trespassing and picketing". Leaders of the campaign announced they would disobey the ruling.[1] On April 12, King was roughly arrested with Ralph -
24th amendment
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Civil rights Act of 1964
that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public -
Gulf of tonkin incident/resolution
On August 2 Maddox radioed it was under attack from three North Vietnamese Navy P-4 torpedo boats 28 miles (45 km) away from the North Vietnamese coast in international waters. Maddox stated she had evaded a torpedo attack and opened fire with its five-inch (127 mm) guns, forcing the torpedo boats away -
Assassination Of Malcom X
He was assassinated by members of his x group. the reason for his death was because he had left thr group. the member didnt like that so they killed him. -
Black Panther
it was when the african amercians were fighting ferousiously as if they were panthers. it was founded by huey newton and bobby seale. -
25th amendment
if the president was to be killed or took away from position the vice president was to take place of the vacancy of being president. -
Tet Offensive
Around the US combat base at Khe Sanh fighting continued for two more months. Although the offensive was a military defeat for the Communists, it had a profound effect on the US government and shocked the US public, which had been led to believe by its political and military leaders that the Communists were, due to previous defeats, incapable of launching such a massive effort. -
United States vs. O.Brien
was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled that a criminal prohibition against burning a draft card did not violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. Though the Court recognized that O'Brien's conduct was expressive as a protest against the Vietnam War, it considered the law justified by a significant government interest that was unrelated to the suppression of speech and was tailored towards that end. -
Assassination Of Martin Luther King Jr.
He was killed outside his motel. Was murdered by james earl ray.he was killed at the age of 39. when he died he had 4 kids which he left behind. -
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Vietnam Policy of Nixon
he wanted to help the troops learn so he wouldnt have to send his own troops into war. -
policy of vietnamization
was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.' involvement in the war and "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops".[1] Brought on by the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, the policy referred to U.S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by the U.S. Air Force -
silent majority
The silent majority is an unspecified large majority of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly. he is trying to talk to most american who dont let there presence being known and speaking out. -
Tinker vs. Des Moines
- In wearing armbands, the petitioners were quiet and passive. They were not disruptive and did not impinge upon the rights of others. In these circumstances, their conduct was within the protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth.2. First Amendment rights are available to teachers and students, subject to application in light of the special characteristics of the school environment.
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Apollo 11
During the time of the space race. it was the first spaceflight that landed on the moon. lance Armstrong was the first male human to walk on the moon. it marked a big step in the space race. -
Nixon Shock
that eventually led to the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. The policies imposed and the actions taken by President Nixon included imposing a 90-day wage and price freeze in America, a 10% import surcharge and, most notably, closing the gold window, effectively making the U.S. dollar inconvertible to gold. -
26th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
equal rights amendment
it was introduced in 1972 and its deadline was in 1982 -
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Nixon-George H.W. Inauguration
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Heritage Foundation
research and education instruction. a think tank whos mission is to formulate and promote conserative public policies based on the principles of free enterprice ,limit goverment, indiviual freedom, traditional american values, and a strong national defense -
Fall Of Saigon
The fall of the city was preceded by the evacuation of almost all the American civilian and military personnel in Saigon, along with tens of thousands of South Vietnamese civilians associated with the southern regime. The evacuation culminated in Operation Frequent Wind, the largest helicopter evacuation in history. In addition to the flight of refugees, the end of the war and institution of new rules by the communists contributed to a decline in the city's population -
Bill Gates
they spent alot of time on computers before they actually launched their microsoft. -
Apollo-Soyuz Project
This event marked the last of the space race. -
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Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics
peresrtoika and glashost was made by mikhail gorbacher. perestroika improves health care, education, and ,many other economical problems -
Aids virus
monkeys in africa had aids. when people would eat them they would not cook them. that is how aids started spreading. -
iran-iraq war
The Iran–Iraq War began when Iraq invaded Iran via air and land on 22 September 1980. It followed a long history of border disputes, and was motivated by fears that the Iranian Revolution in 1979 would inspire insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority as well as Iraq's desire to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of Iran's revolutionary chaos and attacked without formal warning, they made only limited progress into Iran and were qui -
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Gulf War
cause kwait was invaded by iraq. iraq thought kwait was slealing petroleum. iraq invaded and annexed kuait and 34 nations lead by the u.s.invaded iraq. declared cease fire 100 hours after the grand campaign started. collin powell secretary of state. -
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yugoslav war
bill clinton was president
war between different races fighting each other
conflicts became infamous for war crimes, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, and rape campuses.
clinton decided to send troops to yugoslavia to help citizens.
cleansing resulted in 140,000 deaths -
27th amendment
was first drafted by james madison. it was neglected for 2 centeries . ohio was the only state to take it seriously. -
Edgewood vs. Kirby
In 1968, Demetrio Rodriguez and other parents of Mexican American students in the Edgewood Independent School District of San Antonio, Texas, filed a class action suit in U.S. District Court challenging Texas’ public school finance system. Under the Texas system, the state appropriated funds to provide each child with a minimum education. Each local school district then enriched that basic education with funds derived from locally levied ad valorem property taxes. Since the value of taxable prop -
NAFTA
Members: U.S.A , Canada , Mexico
Tariffs: is a good on taxes
Maquiladora: an operation of free trade zone where factories import material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis -
9/11 attack
were a series of 4 terrorist attacks launched by the al-Qaeda upon the united states in york city and the washington dc metropolitian area on septemeber 11, 2001. 3000 people died. 3 planes died and one was regained to control. -
iraq war
we went to war in iraq because it was believed that they had an advance program to build weapons of mass destruction 7500 people died -
kyoto treaty
international treaty that sets binding obligation on industiralized countries to reduce emissions on greenhouse effects -
27th amendment
prohibits any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress from taking effect until the start of the next set of terms of office for Representatives. It is the most recent amendment to the United States