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1500
European settlers come to Canada
The french and British come to Canada. The First Nations people are currently settled in Canada and the Europeans brought diseases that killed of many First Nations. The fur trade also started in the 1500s -
Period: to
Seven Years War
British (+First Nations) vs. French (+First Nations).
The British won. -
Royal Proclamation
A document that was issued by King George III and it was after the British had won the 7 year war. He wanted to get on the good side of the First Nations people so he said that all the land west of the Appalachian Mountains was theirs and no European would settle there. -
The Destruction of Bison
Bison was over hunted and killed off by disease in the 1800s. -
Reserve System
The reserve system was part of the Indian Act and it told the First Nations people where and where they could not live -
Mohawk Residential School Opens
First residential school in Canada opens in Ontario. -
Gradual Civilization Act
This act was introduced in attempts to "civilize" Indigenous people. They were told to dress like Europeans and live like them as well. -
Confederation
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Gradual Enfranchisement Act
The government hoped that the First Nations people would be willing to give up their legal identities and become Canadian citizens. -
Period: to
Numbered Treaties
11 treaties that were signed by the First Nations and European Canadians. Each treaty was specific to a region of Canada and came with terms and agreements. -
Indian Act
Affected First Nations people only and it defines who is and who is not "Indian" and it has many laws like how reserve systems operate. It is still in effect today -
Period: to
CPR Railway
A railway that the Europeans wanted to stretch all across Canada. They intruded reserves. -
Establishes Residential School Systems "First Nations"
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Government bans Traditional Practices
Bans potlachs and cultural ceremonies/belongings -
Meeting Between the Canadian Government and Chruches
The Canadian government and the churches agreed to run residential schools. -
Dr. Bryce's Letter
Dr.Bryce went to residential schools around Canada and he saw the horrors first hand. He then wrote a letter to the Canadian government expressing his concern but they did not do anything. Instead, they fired him. -
Period: to
World War I
WWI begins and approximately one third of First Nations enlisted and so did Metis and Inuit. But only status Indians were recorded to have been part of the war. -
Residential Schools Become Mandatory
In 1920 residential schools become mandatory for all First Nations children up to the age of 16 in Canada. -
Period: to
World War II
All the Indigenous groups were also involved in the second world war. -
Residential School's for Inuit
Residential schools now become mandatory for all Inuit children up to the age of 16. -
Canada Selectively Ratifies UN Convention
Some countries came together and made a document that they were all going to sign to prevent another genocide from happening after WWII. This document defined genocide Canada was unable to sign it the way it was written because of the horrible things they were doing in residential schools. So they had a part of the document taken out and then they signed it. -
Indigenous People Have the Right to Vote
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60s
Civil rights movements start all over north america for women's rights and black lives.
Residential schools start closing their doors
60s Scoop: Indigenous children are taken out of their homes and are put into foster care with white families. -
"White Paper"
Pierre Eliott Trudeau issued a government policy paper that was supposed to abolish previous treaties and papers like the Indian Act. The First Nations people did not agree. -
"Red Paper"
The red paper was the First Nations peoples response to the "White Paper" -
Period: to
Churches start Apologizing for Residential Schools
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Establishment of Royal Commission on Indigenous Peoples (RCAP)
Commission that addressed the issues Indigenous people face and have faced. -
RCAP Releases A Report
The report was 4000 pages long and the commission travelled to Indigenous communities to find out what issues they have had or currently had. They included those in the report. The report was filled with things they needed the government to do in order to better their lives and the their relationship with the government. -
The Last Residential School Closes
The last school to close its doors was Gordon Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan. -
Creation of Nunavut
In 1999 the Northwest Territories split up into two and Nunavut was formed. -
Lawsuit Filled by Residential School Survivors
The survivors of the residential school system filled a lawsuit against the Canadian government and they ended up settling for $50,000 in 2006. Many survivors did not take the money as it was "blood money". -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
A commission organized by the same parties from the residential schools survivor settlement. This commission works to uncover more truths about the past and they also work to better the relationship between Indigenous people, Non-Indigenous people and the government. -
Stephen Harper "apologizes"
The Prime Minister of Canada issued an apology to all the children who were in the residential school system and suffered physical and emotional abuse. Many say he left a lot out and that the apology was not sincere. -
94 Calls to Action
The TRC released a report which included 94 things that the government would have to do in order for their relationship to strengthen and mend. The government denied them. -
Settlement to 60s Scoop Survivors
The Canadian government comes to an $800 million agreement and they help get current Indigenous children out of the foster care system. -
Justine Trudeau's Announcement
The Prime Minister of Canada says there is a new "framework" for working with Indigenous people but no one knows what it is and he has no released any information.