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The Bishop of Antioch, John Chrysostom, denounces Jews in his sermons as “wild beasts” "wild beasts who murder their own offspring . . .and worship the avenging devils who are the foes of our life"(Pulzer 17). -
During the Crusades, massacres of Jews and attempts at forced conversions occur in Rhineland
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The church segregated them due to fear, they felt threatened by the Jews within their religion. "Although the church lent no official support to these superstitions, it took other steps that facilitated their acceptance"(Pulzer 18). -
The Alhambra Decree forced the expulsion of all Jews who didn’t convert to Christianity.
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Used for the first time in Wilhelm Marr’s book The Triumph of Jewry Over Germanism. "The "Jewish question" became one of birth and blood, not belief.”(Rogasky 10).
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Pogroms describe the semi-official persecution of Jews in the Russian empire. This resulted in at least 50,000 Jewish deaths.
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Germany is defeated in World War 1 with the signing of the Armistice, halting military operations between Germany and the Entente. -
A document that purports to offer conclusive evidence of the existence of a Jewish conspiracy to achieve world domination. “The Protocols "revealed" the Jews to be the secret masters of the globe and "exposed" their hidden motives and intrigues, which were interpreted as the ultimate cause of the Great War,”(Hagemeister 501). -
Peaked in 1923 five years after the country lost the war, an inflation hit that was the worst the world had ever seen.
“One American cent was worth 1.66million
reichsmarks. Money was carried in boxes and wheelbarrows; it was not worth the paper it was printed on. Germany was simply falling apart.”(Rogasky 12). -
After the Nazi Party gained significant political influence. -
this was the first regular concentration camp established. Dachau became a model for all the other concentration camps. -
This was one of the first concentration camps built. It was intended to home political opponents of hitler.
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This was the first act out of over 200 pieces of legislation passed in Germany from 1933-1939 that were designed primarily to segregate, isolate, and demoralize German Jews.
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First appeared in April 1933 to regulate Jewish life. The document foresaw the legal segregation of all Jews in Germany.
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This followed Hitler's boycott of Jewish-owned stores and businesses.
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The Reich government decreed the disbarring office of Jewish lawyers
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They were excluded from National Health Institutions
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This mandated the forced sterilization of certain individuals with physical and mental disabilities.
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All Jews were excluded from Journalism except for the Jewish press.
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Various categories of forbidden marriages were in acted in the first supplementary decree to the Law for the protection of German Blood and Honor.
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After president Paul von Hindenburg died. Führer also means leader or guide
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This happened after general conscription was reestablished and the new Wehrmacht replaced the small professional Reichswehr.
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The Laws consisted of the "Reich Citizenship Law" and "The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor". Nazis wanted to put their race ideology into law. “Only those of German or related blood were entitled to be Reich citizens (Reichsbürger) with full political rights. Jews were considered mere Reich subjects.”(Fraenkel 453). -
polish Jews were deported to the no-man’s-land. They were euphemistically called “resettlement in the East” by the nazis.
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A series of pogroms against the Jewish population(also known as the Night of Broken Glass). Some 30,000 Jewish males were arrested. First time Nazi officials made massive arrests with no other reason except they were Jews. "Tens of thousands of Jews were terrorized in their homes, sometimes beaten to death"(Jonca 389).
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Marked the beginning of WW2. Hitler viewed Poland as a source of land and resources and used it as a staging point for a planned invasion of the Soviet Union. -
Jews were evacuated and many lost access to their possessions. -
800 Jewish PoWs from the Polish army were removed from their camp and escorted by SS men to march in the bitter cold to Biala Podlaska( approx. 62 miles) "All along the route Nazis killed prisoners , individually and in groups, only a few dozen survived to reach their destination"(Krakowski 350).
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Soviet prisoners began to arrive on foot from nearby PoW camp Lamsdorf. -
Ordered by the head of Einsarzgruppe B, Arthur Nebe. This led the RSHA’s Criminal Technical Institute to develop gas vans
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carried out in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 30 men were murdered.
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It followed the first deportations of Jews in 1942 with the opening of major death camps.
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Young leaders were convinced that all Jews were destined for annihilation. They grew closer ties with the Polish Communist Party(PPR) and obtained weapons.
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This was a mean to salvation. Those who couldn’t work were sentenced to death.
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Ghetto inhabitants streamed into the German factories. They thought they would be safe but during the first 10 days of the deportation 65,000 Jews were taken from the ghetto
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The grenade attack was on Cyganeria, a Kraków coffee shop outside the ghetto.
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Jewish resistance groups starting fighting back against the Germans. "Active resistance has begun," Abrasha told him. "All the groups of the Fight ing Organization are participating in the struggle.”(Meed 328).
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The coalition failed because of their lack of support, in the fall of 1943 the Draegners we’re captured again and soon the Jewish underground fell as well.
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This revolt took place because the Somderkommando Jews didn’t have as much time as the non-Jewish prisoners. They needed to take action. “The Jewish Sonderkommando, with some help from Soviet prisoners, staged an armed revolt at Auschwitz II (Birkenau).”(Tec 547).
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The Nazis destroyed evidence of crimes by demolishing camps and killing remaining prisoners before liberation.
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23 medical professionals and one medical administrator were tried for crimes against humanity stemming from the quasi scientific experiments on human beings.