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Invention of Blackboard
In 1801 a man named James Pillans who was the headmaster and geography teacher at a high school in Edinburgh, Scotland created the blackboard by hanging a large piece of slate on his wall. -
Civil Rights Act
In 1875 the courts passed the law that prohibited the racial discrimination in any public facility. This act was passed due to it unconditionally infringed on an individual's personal freedom of choice. -
Exclusion
Children with disabilities were excluded form the classroom due to being seen as distractions to the other students. Therefore, these children had to stay home and/or were expelled for their poor academics. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1951, the father of Linda Brown filed suit against the Board of Education stating violation of the Fourteenth Amendment not allowing students of African American to attend schools with white children even if less populated and is closer to the area of which the student lives. The case was heard with the courts over several different years ruling in 1954 that segregation is unconstitutional and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteen Amendment. (www.uscourts.gov) -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Funding is to provide support for the low-income families, school library, textbooks, and other instructional material needed to provide a quality of education to the students with the public schools K-12 grade. -
Rehabilitation Act
This act guaranteed civil rights to individuals with disabilities and required that all schools receiving federal funding from discriminating against them providing equal access through removal of architectural, employment, and transportation barriers, -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA)
This act guaranteed and enforced the right that students with disabilities to receive a free and appropriate education with the dual purpose of being in the "least restrictive environment". -
Board of Education: H. Hudson v. Rowley
The case came about due to a mother of Rowley who was deaf requested that her daughter had a sign language interpreter while in school. This case ruled in favor of Rowley based on that students who qualify for services must have access to these programs within the public schools based on the individual's unique needs so they can benefit from instruction. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
This act prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public areas, including, schools, jobs, transportation, and private and public places that is open to the public as part of the civil law. It is an act to ensure these individuals have equality. (Wash, n.d.) -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
In 1997, the EHA underwent a number of substantial revisions creating the IDEA which emphasized using Individual Education Plans (IEP) for all students with disabilities receiving services within school. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This is a reauthorization of the ESEA to boost the support to students with English-language learners, special education (SPED), the poor and minority children. At this time the states did not have to comply to these regulations but risked the loss of their funding. -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
ESSA replaces the NCLB and makes sure that all public schools are providing a quality of education to all students with also allowing the different states say on how they will hold the schools throughout the state accountable for academic achievement of the students. -
References
History - Brown v. Board of Education Re-enactment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment Wash, D. (n.d.). OVERVIEW OF THE FIVE TITLES OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT. Retrieved November 25, 2020, from https://www.washthomas.com/overview-of-the-five-titles-of-the-americans-with-disabilities-act/