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Council for Exceptional Children
CECThe mission statement for CEC states that, "The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) works to improve the educational success of children and youth with disabilities and/or gifts and talents." They work with state and local educators to provide the best education and resources. CEC developed the standards that special education professionals use. Each state has a CEC center as well as 17 specialized divisions throughout the country. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education
This ruling overturned "separte but equal doctrine" and allowed integration within the public schools. This marked the pathway for special education and children with disabilites so that they would not be excluded from public school. -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
PARC v. Commonwealth of PennsylvaniaParents led the Pennsylvannia Association for Retarded Children to the Supreme Court where it changed how children were treated in the public schools. All students with disabilites had a right to an education between the ages of 5-21and were capable of learning as well. Children with disabilities in Pennsylvannia were not being denied an education if their mental age did not meet the requirements.The PARC case eventually led to the least resistrictive environment. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 504
Section 504 guarentees an education to those with disabilites and covers several other areas such as employment practices, accessibility, health, welfare, and social services. 504 continues after school where IDEA does not. 504 is not the same as an IEP but paperwork can be written up for the student if needed. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
EAHCA
EAHCA also known as Public Law 94-142 was put in place so all children with disabilities have access to public education. Individual Education Plans, IEPs, were now set up for those students to receive an equal education. -
"Rowly Test" Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley,
Rowley V. Hendrick Hudson School District
This case set the standards for Free Appropriate Public Education. Amy Rowly was a deaf student who needed services and the school did not comply. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court. Under FAPE, schools must provide services for all students to recieve a passing education. -
IDEA - Individuals with Disabilites Education Act
IDEA
EAHCA now changed to IDEA. The biggest significance with the change is that educators look towards transitions and outcomes with the students not just the current situation. Transitions include graduating from high school.