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Summary: Phonics instruction became a foundational method for teaching reading by linking letters to sounds. It shifted how teachers approached early literacy.
Significance: Emphasized systematic teaching of sound-symbol relationships, which is still widely used today. -
Summary: Developed Reading Recovery, emphasizing individualized support for struggling readers.
Key Idea: Early intervention and connecting reading with writing are critical for literacy development. -
Summary: Focused on the role of phonemic awareness and word recognition in literacy.
Key Idea: Students learn to recognize words by connecting letters to sounds and storing them in memory. -
Summary: Whole language focused on reading comprehension and context over isolated phonics skills, promoting reading for meaning.
Significance: Encouraged integration of literature and real-world reading experiences but faced criticism for neglecting basic skills. -
Summary: This federal law required schools to assess reading proficiency annually and ensure all students met certain standards.
Significance: Highlighted accountability and led to an increased focus on evidence-based literacy programs. -
Summary: Replaced No Child Left Behind and gave states more flexibility in assessing literacy and supporting struggling readers.
Significance: Focused on equity and comprehensive literacy instruction.