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marks one of the first large-scale efforts to educate formerly enslaved people.
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establishes thousands of schools for freed Black children -
upholds “separate but equal,” cementing segregated schooling -
Philanthropist Julius Rosenwald partners with Booker T. Washington to fund 5,000+ schools in the South, many staffed by Black teachers
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Brown v. Board of Education declares segregated schools unconstitutional -
over 38,000 Black teachers and 2,000 Black principals lose their jobs
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Title 1 is signed by Lyndon B. Johnson, providing more government funding for low-income schools, which were mostly black schools -
Black teachers organize through the American Teachers Association (ATA) and later merge with the National Education Association (NEA) to fight for equal pay, hiring, and fair treatment -
prohibits discrimination against students, faculty, and staff in public education based on race, color, sex, or national origin -
used to increase the number of black male teachers by providing a support system including scholarships, mentoring, and career placement