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Sep 26, 1500
Barter System
Barter system is the exchange of good are exchanged for other good, without using money. The Native people didn't have money, so basically they used this system, because that's how they got most of their items, without having to create something they weren't good at. -
Sep 26, 1500
Organization of the Territory
To travel, and move around, they used canoes to travel by water, and snowshoes on land, when it was winter. The men were hunters, and found animals for furs, and meats. The women were the farmers, so they did the agriculture, and they didn't harvest more than they needed. Lastly, the elderly watched after the children. -
Sep 26, 1550
Jacques Cartier
When Jacques Cartier came here, there was nothing here valuable, and worth staying here. They came here every summer for fish. Fish was our first resource. Then it became furs. Afterwards, timber/wheat/dairy came into the list of resources. -
Sep 26, 1550
Mercantilism
Economic system, no one uses it anymore. Doesn’t work because not a lot of countries have a lot of colonies anymore. Definiton: exporting more than importing. Raw material, in this case fur, was sent to the the King of France, in France and he would sell the finished products back to the colonies, so France got richer. Colonies wealth depends on the population. -
Sep 26, 1550
New France and the 13 Colonies Economically
New France started small with a small population, however grew in size. Their sole purpose was to export natural resources back to France. France would finish the products, and sell them from France, making France get money, and not New France. The 13 Colonies stayed the same size, with a large population, but they focused on their diverted farming, including tobacco, cotton, and indigo, as well as fur trading also. -
Sep 26, 1550
Agricultural Activity
The Natives did a subsistence agriculture, they planted and harvested just enough for their family to survive, they didn't take more than they needed to. They had many attempts to diversify the economy by Jean Talon with the triangular trade, but failed. There was way too much demand on the fur trade, that they couldn't demand much on the people with different skills to diversify. -
Trading companies in France
- Company of One Hundred Associates (100 french shareholders that rebuilt the Quebec's trading post after they were attacked by the British)
- The Compagnie des Habitants (Due to the lack of experience of administrators and Iroquois attacks, they experienced many difficulties)
- The French West Company (They took over the trade monopoly and beaver pelt exports)
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Chartered companies
Charted company system was based on privileges, and obligations. They were allowed to be the ones with rights in the fur trade and they were supposed to administer and develop the colony. Because of the chartered company system, the population was kept small and majority of them were male, because of the fur trade, and they ignored the development of the colony. The Company of One Hundred Associates concentrated on the fur trade rather than populating the colony. -
Economy based on fur in British Regime
English started things their way, and got rid of mercantilism. The French no longer run the economy, the British do. Now, the fur-trade economy passes through the hands of the English. The creation of North-West Company in 1783 after the American Revolution and the merge with Hudson's Bay Company in 1821. Lastly, the decline in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century. -
Expansion of the timber economy
- Blocked the timber industry in the Great Britain by Napoleon in 1806 and the demand for timber increased a lot.
- Creation of the Bank of Montreal in 1817 to allow people to invest and obtain credit. Banks keep your money, with a low interest rate.
- New jobs are created, for example lumberjack, loggers, sawmills, etc.
- Improvement and development of transportation like the canals, the railroads and the steamships.
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First Phase of Industrialization
Factories worked on finished products, as in shoes, clothes, hats, etc. Workers would work 12-16 hours a day, and when they went home, their living conditions were chaotic. First power source was the steam engine. Dairy products were another source that represents this time period, the dairy products had to not use refrigeration. Lumber industry created more jobs. More job opportunities in the city (factories), no jobs in the country. -
Population Changed After First Phase of Industrialization
- Under the Biritish Regime, encourages population with free land
- From 1871-1901 they were under the National Policy
- Better job opportunities, and better lifestyles, and better quality of a life.
- People were moving to urban centres, and did basic factory work.
- Lots of people leaving Quebec. Travel distances helped convince the migration. Jobs weren’t good, and they were dealing with the Protestants.
- You didn’t buy fresh food if you didn’t have the money. Infants died a lot.
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Economic Cycles
Main points:
- Increase Custom Duties: Everything that’s made in Canada, he puts taxes on them every time it crosses the boarder.
- Build Railways: East Coast to West Coast (shipping of goods, and people)
- Encourage Immigration: Empty in Western Canada so they wanted to put the immigrants there. -
Unions
If workers didn’t like the conditions of the factories, and they had to deal with it. Workers had no say in anything. Workers realized they actually hold a lot of power, and if they all came together they can just say they won’t come, and the owners won’t have people to replace everyone. If the workers went on strike, the owner would lose a lot of money. With adding this law, working and living conditions improved. Negotiate laws to protect the people. -
By Decade for the 1900s.
1900 - 1910: Second phase
1910 - 1920: World War 1 (key to the next decade)
1920 - 1930: roaring 20s, economic time
1930 - 1940: Great depression
1940 - 1950: World War 2 -
Great Depression
Everyone was investing in business, but no one had the money for it, and everyone was going to get a loan. If they go bankruptcy, the bank will still want their money back because the bank carries money from other people. In the late 20s, the banks wanted their money back, but no one had the money they borrowed. Therefore, banks were going bankrupt, and anyone who went to the bank, and wanted their money couldn’t get their money back, because the bank didn’t have it. -
World War II
Out of depression → spend all the money. Idea of an economy is to spend. Canada spends their money by funding the war. The men went to war and made the women work in the factories now. The men and women are now both earning an income. Women getting small income in the factories. Double-income, now they have money to spend, and creates extra cash. World War II gets them out of the great depression, with spending money. Soldiers would come back and probably go back to their old job. -
Beaver Crisis
Demand of Beaver fur was slowly decreasing, and wearing fur as a fashion statement was not as popular. As a result, the King of France slowdown the fur trade. After 1715, it had gained strength again. -
Quiet Revolution
The People of Quebec, the smart people, were falling further and further behind the world. This revolution was the attempt of the Province of Quebec to catch up in the 60s. In 1950s, Quebec started to slow down compared to the rest of the world. 1960s came and they began to catch up. The political Party put the platform that if you voted for them, they would make Quebec catch up. -
Consequences with the Quiest Revolution
After the war there was an economic boost and period of traditionalism/ conservatism under Maurice Duplessis. He slowed Quebec's economy down. Because Duplessis focused on agriculture, jobs were pulled from agriculture in the 60s, and now they specialised in more specifics. Female involvement in the workforce. Now females can go to university and get a job. Birth control made them in control of the birth rate. -
North American Free Trade of America
American companies moved somewhere else because labor’s chipper in other countries. For example, an American company will move their factory and head quarters to Mexico, because it would be cheaper for electricity and workers, because they didn't have as big as a population that America had. Many people didn't have jobs so they would work in the factories for cheap. Canada and Mexico benefit the most because it leads into having a bigger population. -
Ways to get out of the "Slowing down"
- Government getting more involved. Puts a lot of money into creating things to improve certain sectors in the city. (Hydro-Quebec controlled by the government, trans-canada expanded, Montreal Metro).
- Government got involved in education. (Parent Committee, free public school till 16, MEQ [committee for education] created).
- Reduce the power of the church.
