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Carolus Linnaeus
He was the leading biological scientist of the mid 18th century Sweden era. He has books filled with descriptions of nature. This is to be expected since Linnaeus apparently believed that he was just revealing the unchanging order of life created by God -
James Hutton
uniformitarianism , which had been developed originally by the late 18th century Scottish geologist, James Hutton was the belief that natural forces now changing the shape of the earth's surface have been operating in the past much the same way. -
Thomas Malthus
In 1798, Thomas Malthus , an English clergyman published Essay on the Principles of Population. In it he observed that human populations will double every 25 years unless they are kept in check by limits in food supply.Darwin read Malthus' essay and came to realize that all plant and animal populations have this same potential to rapidly increase their numbers unless they are constantly kept in check by predators, diseases, and limitations in food, water, and -
George Cuvier
French naturalist and zoologist. Compared live animals to fossils and worked off Linneas's Taxonomy classification system. Cataspthrophist. -
Charles Lyell
Geological processes at slow steady paces, building & wearing down Earth’s crust. Proposed that the Earth was millions of years instead of a few thousand years old. Principles of Geology. Published by Lyell Just Before The Beagle Set Sail & read by Darwin. Explained Geological Processes That Shaped The Earth. Helped Darwin Understand Sea Shells In The Andes Mountains At 12,000+ Feet. Expanded Earth’s Age -
On The Origin of species
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o Jean Baptiste Lamarck
One of the 18th & 19th centuries’ biologists who hypothesized that traits of species are not immutable, i.e., they can be changed at any time
Stated that changes are adaptations to environment changing around them
Said acquired changes were passed to next generation of offspring
Hypothesized mechanism of evolution: -
Aristotle
Species are absolute and definite. They are perfect in everyway, with increasing complexity, beginning with rocks