-
Studying fruit flies, Thomas Hunt Mogan discovered that genes were on chromosomes.
-
Fred griggith, using mice, proved that genetic material could be moved from onme strain of bacteria to another.
-
Sir Alexander Fleming isolated penicillin from a fungus. Many of his ideas are used to develop biotechnology drugs today.
-
Chargaff showed that in DNA the number of units of adenine equaled those of thymine and the number of units of cytosine equaled those of guanine.
-
Beadle and Tatum propsed the "one gene produces one enzyme" hypothesis.
-
Avery, McCarty, and Macleod established that indeed DNA was hereditary material.
-
Using their famous "blender experiment", Hershey and Chase proved viruses replicated using DNA and confrimed the role of DNA as the hereditary material.
-
Rosalind and Franklin and Maurice Wilkins established through X-ray crystallography that DNA was indeed a double helix.
-
Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA.
-
Hayes disovered plasmid DNA, circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria.
-
Walter Gilbert discovered the mechansim of gene expression through his study of messenger RNA
-
Arber, Nathans, and Smith discovered bacterial restriction enzymes that cut DNA
-
Khorana and Nirenberg discovered the 64 codons that code for the 20 amino acids making up proteins.
-
DNA plasmids were isolated and purified by Vinograd
