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In 1864, "President Lincoln signed a law authorizing the establishment of a college division at the Columbia Institution of the Deaf and Dumb" (Madaus, 2011). This law was one of the starting points of Americans trying to educate and create services for students with disabilities.
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Federal government passed the Vocational Rehabilitation Act that gave educational assistance for some veterans with disabilities (Madaus, 2011).
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Serviceman's Readjustment Act or also known as the GI Bill, provided eligible veterans $500 per year to be allotted to educational expenses. This bill had a significant effect on colleges and universities. Colleges saw an increase in veterans enrollment as well as an increase in the amount of students with disabilities (Madaus, 2011).
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"...handicapped students needing special education services are no longer a rarity on campus. Having the same goals as other students, they are enrolling in large numbers...Basic assumptions in accepting the disabled student into a college is that, with certain possible modifications in procedures, he can attain stated levels of performance and thus college wide standard should be maintained" (Madaus, 2011). Madaus (2011) believes these statements are key tenants in today's disability services.
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Even though the number of students enrolled in colleges with disabilities continued to increase, there was still discrimination against them (Madaus, 2011). According to Madaus (2011), "there was a perception of many faculty and administrators in colleges across the nation and felt that to include severely handicapped student in regular college programs would be a waste of time and effort"(p.2).
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The Right to Education (n.d) article explains that Mills vs. Board of Education held that no child could be denied public education because of “mental, behavioral, physical or emotional handicaps or deficiencies" (p.1). View Video
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"This act banned discrimination on the basis of disability by recipients of federal assistance. For the first time, the exclusion and segregation of people with disabilities was viewed as discrimination. This was also the first time people with disabilities were viewed as a class - a minority group" (Mayerson, 1992, p.1).
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Also known as the IDEA requires that students with disabilities be provided with free services according to their needs. It also requires assessments and individualized goals for students and a plan for students to transition to adult life and higher education (Madaus, 2011). Before EHA, there were around 1 million students with disabilities that were excluded from public education. After the law was passed, more than 6 million students with disabilities were receiving accommodations (EHA, n.d).
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AHEAD was founded in 1977 and is an organization designed to train higher education personnel. They focus on disability issues on college campuses and the field of higher education (Mayerson, 1992). View Video
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"The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was the nation's first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications".
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Getzel (2014) describes self determination as "the ability to define and achieve goals based on a foundation of knowing and valuing oneself"(Getzel, 2014). Colleges have been using this theory and research to better help students with disabilities plan for their future. According to Madaus (2011), "self determination has been an essential component of successful transition to higher education and student success once enrolled" (Madaus, 2011).
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In the following video, Henry Evans speaks about goals and introduces technology that will help people with disabilities. He hopes ADA can use this technology in public areas, the workforce and to improve the way of life for individuals with disabilities. View Video
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ADA allows students to experience college. Students with documented disabilities are able to request accommodations to help them be successful in post secondary educational programs and activities. Colleges are required to make such required adjustments to make sure that the academic programs are accessible to all students with disabilities.
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The bill would require the Department of Justice to create programs to educate state and local governments and property owners on ways for promoting access to public accommodations for persons with a disability. It would also prohibit civil actions for failure to remove an architectural barrier to access existing accommodations (ADA, n.d). View video
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•ADA. [Photograph]. Retrieved from: http://www.adabasics.org/ •ADANationalNetwork. (2010). Americans with Disabilities Act. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ns7UY8HdPr8 •AHEAD. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.ahead.org/nsip •AHEAD. (2015). AHEAD how we help students & graduates with disabilities succeed. [Video file] Retrieved from https://youtu.be/EHdlo7-3pbc
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•Alliance Center for Independence. (2014). 24 years later: how the ADA benefits college students. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/eWki4Hw65v4 •BradenState. (2014). Mills v bd od education. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/lAljj1fGza8 •Discrimination against disabled people. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://health5fitness.blogspot.com/2014/01/discrimination-against-disabled-people.html
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•EHA - Education for All Handicapped Children Act. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2017, from http://www.specialednews.com/special-education-dictionary/eha---education-for-all-handicapped-children-act.htm •Equality. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.bloggazwithattitude.com/discrimination-people-disabilities/ •Gallaudet School. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/gallaudet-university
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•Henry Evans. [Picture]. Retrieved from http://www.mercurynews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/20131011__1012satchat1.jpg?w=600 •IDEA. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/jawel02/educational-placement-in-special-education •Jimlangevin. (2017). Langevin remarks on his opposition to ADA education and reform act. [Video file] Retrieved from https://youtu.be/xW0z4cz44UI
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•Madaus, J. W. (2011). The history of disability services in Higher Education. New Directions For Higher Education, 5-15. Retrieved on September 10, 2017 •Mayerson, A. (1992). The history of Americans with Disabilities Act. Retrieved September 16, 2017, from https://dredf.org/news/publications/the-history-of-the-ada/ •Mills vs. Board of Education. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/kaylabfarley/history-of-special-education-37213356
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•Support 504. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://disabilityawareness.us/rehabilitation-act-of-1973/ •Teaching in Education. (2016). Section 501: explained & summarized. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/pxx6rQqIjpY •TEDxTalks. (2015). Goals for the Americans with disabilities act. [Video file]. Retreived from https://youtu.be/Tg7EHj74AKk •The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2017, from https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/1990s/ada.html
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•The Right to Education. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2017, from http://disabilityjustice.org/right-to-education/
