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The fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire (and effectively the end of the Roman Empire) when the city was captured by forces of the Ottoman Empire in AD 1453. Map>
https://cdn.britannica.com/46/64946-050-3D7FE219/Byzantine-Empire.jpg -
It was the first painting press designed and built in Europe by Johannes Gutenberg. In 1455, he used it to print the Gutenberg Bible.
Video>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeikqw0kyqI -
Isabel I (Castilla) and Fernando II (Aragón) got married and became the Catholic Kings. They governed the Crown of Castilla and Aragón.Their dinastic union marked the beginning of the territorial formation of the kingdom of Spain. Dinasty: Trastámara
Photo>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ferdinand_of_Aragon%2C_Isabella_of_Castile.jpg/800px-Ferdinand_of_Aragon%2C_Isabella_of_Castile.jpg
Map>https://sevilla4real.com/sites/default/files/conquista_de_fernando_iii.jpg -
Michael Angelo, known in Spanish as Miguel Ángel, was an Italian Renaissance architect, sculptor, painter and poet. He was considered one of the greatest artists in history because of his sculptures, paintings and architectural work. From 1508 to 1512, he painted the ceiling of the chapel. Web>https://datos.bne.es/persona/XX1161659.html#:~:text=Fue%20autor%20de%20numerosas%20obras,Sixtina%20y%20la%20Capilla%20Paulina. -
Christopher Colombus discovered America in 1492. It involves the voyages of discovery of many famous and courageous explorers of America who undertook the 3000 mile journey from Europe to North America across perilous, unchartered seas. These adventurous men were searching for: New trade routes. New enterprises and riches.
Map>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Viajes_de_colon_en.svg/1200px-Viajes_de_colon_en.svg.png -
Treaty of Tordesillas agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the rights to colonize all lands outside of Europe. The treaty amended papal bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. These declarations had granted Spain an exclusive claim to the entirety of North and South America. Map-->https://cdn.britannica.com/49/130649-050-9802F80B/Map-demarcation-line-Alexander-VI-territory-Portuguese.jpg -
Carlos V handed over to his son Felipe the sovereignty of the Netherlands, the peninsular territories and Sicily. He retired in the monastery of Yuste. He belonged to the Habsburg dinasty.
Photo>https://www.casitasruralesdelavera.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Emperador-carlos-V.jpg-1.jpg
Web>https://www.lavanguardia.com/historiayvida/edad-moderna/20191109/471431469410/soliman-carlos-v.html#:~:text=La%20flota%20otomana%20derrot%C3%B3%20a,batalla%20de%20Preveza%20en%201538. -
Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was a painter, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet, urban planner, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, writer and sculptor. His most faumous painting was "La Mona Lisa" 1503
Web>https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/65/Leonardo%20da%20Vinci -
Juana I of Castilla "La Loca" was the queen of Castile. She was married with Felipe "El Hermoso" and they belonged to the Trastámora dinasty. Their son was Carlos. She died on Good Friday 1555, after having been confined for almost half a century. Photo>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Johanna_I_van_Castili%C3%AB.JPG
Web>https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib/historia/monarquia/juana.shtml#:~:text=Del%20matrimonio%20entre%20Felipe%20y,heredera%20de%20Castilla%20y%20Arag%C3%B3n. -
Juan Calvino, baptized with the name of Jehan Cauvin, was a French theologian and philosopher, considered one of the authors and managers of the Protestant Reformation. He helped found Protestantism and justify capitalism. The fundamental doctrines of later reformers would identify with him, calling these doctrines "Calvinism."
Web>https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-59531178#:~:text=%22Calvino%20enfatiz%C3%B3%20de%20manera%20especial,trabajo%20social%20y%20la%20predestinaci%C3%B3n%22. -
It is a thesis were Luther affirmed that the repentance established by Christ, by which sins would be forgiven, implies an internal spiritual repentance instead of simply an external sacramental confession, that is, with the priest.
Web>https://es.scribd.com/book/343855352/Las-95-tesis -
Felipe II "El Prudente" was considered the most powerful king in Spain. He had to take responsibility for managing the largest known empire. He belonged to the Habsbourg's dinasty.
Photo>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Portrait_of_Philip_II_of_Spain_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola_-_002b.jpg
Web>https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib/historia/monarquia/felipe2.shtml#:~:text=La%20monarqu%C3%ADa%20de%20Felipe%20II,las%20principales%20caracter%C3%ADsticas%20del%20reinado. -
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, there by severing ecclesiastical links with Rome.
Web>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Act-of-Supremacy-England-1534 -
The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church developed in discontinuous periods during 25 sessions between the years 1545 and 1563. It took place in Trento, a city in the north of present-day Italy, which was then a free imperial city governed by a prince-bishop.
Web>https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/council-trent#:~:text=A%20Roman%20Catholic%20council%20held,Counter%2DReformation%20or%20Catholic%20Reformation. -
He was a Spanish Baroque painter considered one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting and a master of universal painting. Some of his famous paintings were "Las meninas" 1656, "Venus del espejo" 1647 and "La infanta Margarita" 1659
Web>https://totenart.com/noticias/10-mejores-obras-diego-velazquez/ -
Felipe III of Spain, "the Pious", was King of Spain and Portugal. He was the son of Felipe II and Ana of Austria. The reign of Felipe III meant the maintenance of Spanish hegemony in the world, but its economic difficulties and the transfer of government to private or valid ones already predicted the decline of the Empire. He belonged to the Habsbourg's dinasty.
Photo>https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/f/fotos/felipe_iii.jpg
Web>https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/f/felipe_iii.htm -
Felipe IV was Spanish king with 46 children. He signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 in order to focus all the resources of the Spanish monarchy in the reconquest of the rebel kingdom: from this date, Spain was finally at peace with France, England and the Netherlands. He belonged to the Habsbourg's dinasty.
Photo>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Philip_IV_of_Spain.jpg/800px-Philip_IV_of_Spain.jpg
Web>https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/monografia/carlos_v/reinado.htm -
Carlos II, known as "El Hechizado", was the last Spanish Habsburg King between 1665 and 1700. Son and heir of Felipe IV and Mariana of Austria, he remained under his mother's regency until he came of age in 1675. When he died, the lack of heirs caused a national and international conflict called the War of Succession (1701-1714)
Photo>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Juan_de_Miranda_Carreno_002.jpg
Web>https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib/historia/monarquia/carlos2.shtml -
National and international conflict 1711. It was caused because of the lack of heirs to the Spanish throne after the death of Carlos II. Felipe V (supported by the Crown of Castile) and Archduke Charles (supported by the Crown of Aragon) were fighting for the throne. Charles became roman emperor.Felipe V de Borbón became the king in the Peace of Utrecht (1713-1714)
Map>https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YdII98Ct9Gg/maxresdefault.jpg -
The French Revolution was a social and political conflict, with various periods of violence, that convulsed France and, by extension of its implications, other European nations that faced supporters and opponents of the system known as the Old Regime (an aristocratic, social, and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon synasties (14th century to 18th century))
Map>https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/wp-content/gallery/maps_1/1697-Louis-XIVs-wars-of-expansion.jpg
