Deinstitutionalization Timeline

  • Period: to

    Process of Deinstitutionalization

  • First Lobotomy Takes Place

    First Lobotomy Takes Place

    Dr. Walter Freeman and his colleague James Watt perform the first prefrontal lobotomy.
  • Electroshock Therapy

    Electroshock Therapy

    Italian neurologist Ugo Cerletti uses electroshock to treat patients with schizophrenia.
  • Thorazine is Developed

    Thorazine is Developed

    Thorazine becomes a staple drug in mental asylums.
  • Over the Cuckoo's Nest

    Over the Cuckoo's Nest

    This book is published by Ken Kesey, based on his experience as a nurse in a mental institute.
  • Medicaid is Passed

    Medicaid is Passed

    Mental illness treatment is not included in Medicaid, so more people are moved to retirement homes rather than institutions.
  • Lanterman-Petris-Short Act

    Lanterman-Petris-Short Act

    California passes this act, making it more difficult for mentally ill people to be involuntarily hospitalized.
  • Mental Health Systems Act

    Mental Health Systems Act

    Jimmy Carter signs this to try and improve the service for people with chronic mental illness.
  • Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

    Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

    Ronald Regan repeals Carter's act, decreasing federal funding on mental illness by 30 percent.
  • Clozapine

    Clozapine

    Clozapine is developed and approved to treat schizophrenia.
  • Psychiatric Beds Are Full

    Psychiatric Beds Are Full

    There are 43,000 psychiatric beds in the United States, or about 14 beds per 100,000 people—the same ratio as in 1850.

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