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The Great Migration was the migration of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970, had a huge impact on urban life in the United States.
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Congress creates reservations to manage Native peoples. The government forces Native peoples to move to and live on reservations, where it can better subdue them.
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George Armstrong Custer was a U.S. cavalry officer who served with distinction in the American Civil War. He is also known for leading more than 200 of his men to their deaths in the Battle of the Little Bighorn..
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Land Grant College Act that provided grants of land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in agriculture and the mechanic arts.
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The homestead act granted 160 acres of free land to claimants in the western Unites States. It allowed any woman or man a fair chance.
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He was a Scottish immigrant and was very poor growing up. He later became a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and a philanthropists. He led America expand and thrive by making steel faster and was known as a very rich man.
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Like Andrew Carnegie he was an American industrialist. He controlled 90% of the domestic oil industry and invented two important elements: trust and holding companies.
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The lasses faire was an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from governments interventions. Which also meant that markets took care of themselves.
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The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory.
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The Farmers' Alliance was an organized agrarian economic movement among American farmer. They sought to protect farmers from industrial monopolies and promote regulations on commerce and tax reform.
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The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 and made the first call to his assistant.
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Sioux and Cheyenne Indians left their reservations, outraged over the continued intrusions of whites into their lands in the Black Hills.They gathered in Montana with the great warrior, Sitting Bull, to fight for their lands.
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In response to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cutting wages of workers for the third time in a year. Striking workers would not allow any of the trains, mainly freight trains, to roll until this third wage cut was revoked.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. Americans didn't want them taking their jobs away.
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William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody opened Buffalo Bill's Wild West show on May 19, 1883 at Omaha, Nebraska. He died from kidney failure.
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The Pendleton Act provided that Federal Government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that Government employees be selected through competitive exams.
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The May 4, 1886, rally at Haymarket Square was organized by labor radicals to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the Chicago police during a strike the day before at the McCormick Reaper Works.
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An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations, known as the Dawes Act, emphasized severalty, the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather than as members of tribes.
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Settlement houses were important reform institutions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and Chicago's Hull House was the best known settlement in the United States.
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Buffalo hunting was an activity fundamental to the Midwestern Native Americans, which was later adopted by American professional hunters, leading to the near-extinction of the species around 1890. Americans also hunted the buffalo because it was main source for the Native American.
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It was passed in 1890 after a widespread growth of trust, which brought different companies in the same industry under control if a board of trustees, in the 1800's. It prohibits agreements in restraints of trade.
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Wounded Knee was the site of two conflicts between North American Indians and representatives of the U.S. government. A massacre left 15 Native Americans dead.
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By 1892 Edison and Dickson invented a motion picture camera and a peephole viewing device called the Kinetoscope. They were first shown publicly in 1893 and the following year the first Edison films were exhibited commercially.
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The World's Columbian Exposition was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492
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In the United States financial depression came as a result of over-speculation in the railroad industry. Learn about the causes of the Panic of 1873 as well as the impact the event had on the nation.
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A political machine is a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their efforts.
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The presidency of Theodore Roosevelt began on September 14, 1901, when he became the 26th President of the United States upon the assassination and death of President William McKinley, and ended on March 4, 1909.
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The Treat of Paris ended the Spanish American War. Following the Spanish defeats in Cuba and Puerto Rico, an armistice was arranged. Fighting was halted and Spain recognized Cuba`s independence. The U.S. occupation of the Philippines was recognized pending final disposition of the islands.
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The battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, killing 268 men and shocking the American populace.
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Theodore Roosevelt led his “Rough Riders” up the San Juan Heights against heavy artillery fire to help end the Spanish-American War.
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Th Open Door policy, statement of principles initiated by the United States for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.
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Robber Barons were greedy capitalists that grew rich by shady business practices. (political manipulation, and worker exploitation)
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Nativism is the political position of preserving status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. It is characterized by opposition to immigration based on fears that the immigrants will distort or spoil existing cultural values.
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Ministers, especially ones belonging to the Protestant branch of Christianity, began to tie salvation and good works together. They argued that people must emulate the life of Jesus Christ.
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Theodore Roosevelt outlined his ideal foreign policy in a speech in Minnesota, “Speak softly, and carry a big stick.” President Roosevelt used Big Stick diplomacy in many foreign policy situations.
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The Boxer Rebellion, Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement was a violent anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty.
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The Spanish American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.
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Using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the federal government did so and the Northern Securities Company sued to appeal the ruling. The case worked its way up to the Supreme Court, where the justices ruled 5-4 in favor of the federal government.
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The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations fulfilled their obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the rights of the United States.
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it was the first all-out war of the modern era in which a non-European power defeated one of Europe's great powers. As a result, the Russian Empire and Tsar Nicholas II lost considerable prestige, along with two of their three naval fleets.
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Teddy Roosevelt prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured that livestock were slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.
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The Gentlemen's Agreement between the United States and Japan represented an effort by Roosevelt to calm growing tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers.
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In 1903, Oregon passed a law that said that women could work no more than 10 hours a day in factories and laundries. Muller was convicted of violating the law. His appeal eventually was heard to the U.S. Supreme Court.
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The Square Deal was Theodore Roosevelt's domestic policy based on three basic ideas: protection of the consumer, control of large corporations, and conservation of natural resources.
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The Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910, ended dictatorship in Mexico and established a constitutional republic. A number of groups, led by revolutionaries including Pancho Villa who participated in the long and costly conflict.
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A laborer is a person who works in one of the construction trades, by tradition, considered unskilled manual labor.
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Allows voters and not state legislators to appoint senators congress.
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It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.
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Pancho Villa was a famed Mexican revolutionary and guerilla leader. He joined Francisco Madero's uprising against Mexican President Porfirio Díaz in 1909, and later became leader of the División del Norte cavalry and governor of Chihuahua. he played a major role in the Mexican Revolution
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The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914. About two dozen people, including miners' wives and children, were killed.
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was shot to death with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Saravejo, Bosnia which strated the outbreak of World War 1.
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Henry Ford was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
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John Pershings most famous post was when he served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front in World War I. .
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Trench warfare is a type of combat that occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. Trenches were commonly used in World War I.
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The Expeditionary Force was led by General John Pershing he launched their first major offensive in Europe when stopping the Germans in France and forcing them to return to the trenches. He also chased Pancho Villa.
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Mustard gas, or sulfur mustard is a chemical agent that causes severe burning of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It can be absorbed into the body through inhalation, ingestion or by coming into contact with the skin or eyes. It was used in World War I many times costing the life of many soldiers. The deadly chemical gained its name for the yellow mustard color it has.
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The first Red Scare began following the Bolshevik Russian Revolution of 1917 and the intensely patriotic years of World War I as anarchist and left-wing social agitation aggravated national, social, and political tensions.
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The Sedition Act of 1918, actually a set of amendments to the Espionage Act, which prohibited many forms of speech, including "any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States.
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The armistice ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but did not bring stability or peace to the region. The Young Turk government led by Enver Pasha had collapsed in the days leading up to the armistice.
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The Spanish Flu or Influenza killed 20 to 40 million people which is more than the World War I. Influenza caused normal flu symptoms of fever, nausea, aches and diarrhea. Many developed severe pneumonia attack. Dark spots would appear on the cheeks and patients would turn blue, suffocating from a lack of oxygen as lungs filled with a frothy, bloody substance.
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World War I officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany, its 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned liability for reparations.
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Susan B. Anthony was a woman who believed that everyone deserved equal rights, men or women. She spoke publicly about her beliefs. This hero was a woman who brought awareness for equality to the United States. Rain or shine, Anthony would go into the streets of New York City and protest.
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The Harlem Renaissance marked a moment when white America started to recognize the intellectual contributions of Blacks and on the other hand African Americans asserted their identity intellectually and linked their struggle to that of blacks around the world
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The Volstead Act enforces the 18th Amendment it outlaws manufacture, sales and transportation of intoxicating liquor. Police raided neighborhoods in search of alcohol. Al alcoholic drinks were smashed up.
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Ku Klux Klan was initially supressed by the government but later on in the 1920's it became very well known millions of memebers had joined. They began lynchings and burning, mainly because they were upset over the Great Migration.
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The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in President Warren G. Harding's cabinet. Albert F. Fall was found guilty of accepting a bribe.
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During the Harding administration, a stop-gap immigration measure was passed by Congress in 1921 for the purpose of slowing the flood of immigrants entering the United States. A more thorough law was signed by President Coolidge in May 1924.
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Al Capone was an Italian immigrant. He was also known as "Scarface," rose to infamy as the leader of the Chicago mafia during the Prohibition era.He bribed cops and had breweries when alcohol was illegal.
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Charles Lindbergh was the first man that flew across the Atlantic Ocean, non-stop from New York City t Paris, on May 1927. He flew on Spirit of St. Louis. He was unable to sleep for 50 hours and didn't have a radio with him. The only thing he carried with himself was a flashlight, rubber raft, weicker chair and sandwhiches.
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St. Valentine's Day Massacre. Valentine's Day in 1929 was one of the bloodiest days in mob history when 7 men were gunned down in Chicago.One of Capone's longtime enemies, the Irish gangster George “Bugs” Moran, ran his bootlegging operations out of a garage on the North Side of Chicago.
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An area of Oklahoma, Kansas, and northern Texas affected by severe soil erosion, which was caused by windstorms, in the early 1930s, which obliged many people to move. The Dust Bowl blanketed most cities with dust.
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It prohibited commercial banks from participating in the investment banking business.It was passed as an emergency measure to counter the failure of banks during the Great Depression.
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A law enacted in 1933 to establish codes of fair practice for industries and to promote industrial growth. The Great Depression declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court.
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The Wagner Act established the National Labor Relations Board and addressed the relationship between unions and employers in the private sector.
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Social Security Act is a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents,and unemployment insurance. Wanted to help them.
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A relief effort for the unemployeed with immediate relief goals looked for immediate relief rather than long-term alleviation, and its Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was headed by the zealous Harry L. Hopkins.
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She was the eyes and ears of the president she was involved with the public and politics. FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States. He was Teddy Roosevelts cousin and was elected four times for president.
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It is a federal law which establishes minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, record keeping, and child labor standards affecting full time and part time workers in the private sector and in federal, state, and local governments.
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The Trinity test of the Manhattan Project was the first detonation of a nuclear weapon. They produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.
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The Battle of Britain was an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.
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The 4 main contries that were involved were US, England, Soviet Union and France. The Battle of the Bulge was the largest land battle of WWII which the US participated. This battle was the last great German offensive of the war; more than a million men fought in the battle.
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the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force and other Allied troops from the French seaport of Dunkirk to England.
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
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The Battle of Moscow was between Germany and the Soviet Union, Russia. They fought on a 600 km sector of the Eastern Front during World War II
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He was known to take command of the Eighth Army, he earned renown for his part in the first major Allied land victory at El Alamein, Egypt, in 1942.
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General George Smith Patton Jr. was a senior officer of the United States Army who commanded the U.S. Seventh Army in the Mediterranean and European theaters of World War II,
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The Holocaust was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews,
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Both the Allies and the Axis Powers fought for control of the Atlantic Ocean. The Allies wanted to use the Atlantic to resupply Great Britain and the Soviet Union in their fight against Germany and Italy.
