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Period: 500 to May 1, 1400
Medieval Period
-In most of Europe, the church saw dance as a pagan activity
-Dance was banned unless it glorified the church
-The Dance of Death emerged when the Black Plague broke loose
-In Islamic lands dance was done for rituals and entertainment purposes -
Period: May 1, 1200 to
Renaissance Period
-A renewed interest in the arts developed
-Dance became more about the individual artist
-Court ballets flourished & folk dancing remained popular with the working class
-ballet emerged as a professional art form -
17th century:1600s
-Slaves brought Jazz from Africa to America -
18th century: 1700s
-musical theater was popular in other countries.
-The ballet aesthetic changed; The meaning/message that movements depicted were the most important element of dance.
-There were rivalries between leading female dancers. -
19th century: 1800s
-"Romantic" ballet was produced
-Romantic ballets were characterized by their use of mythical characters&places which created wonder&excitement for audiences
-They had a plot centered on a love triangle story
-Dramatic action of the characters was very emotional
-characters were realistic/human -
1860s
-Dancer's shoes were reinforced to facilitate the skill of rising onto the tips of their toes -
late 1800s
-"classical" ballet was produced
-aerial work, pointework, turns,&leg beats increased
-The "tutu" was discovered for audiences to easily see the advances in technique for female dancers
-Modern dance began -
Isadora Duncan
-Known as the Mother of Modern Dance
-She was the first dancer to present "modern dance" to public -
Ruth St. Dennis & Ted Shawn
- They were two dancers who married and formed a school called Denishaw
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early 1900s
-"contemporary" ballet evolved in Russia
-Michel Fokine created contemporary ballet -
Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, & Charles Weidman
- known as the pioneers of modern dance -Martha used a contract&release technique -Doris&Humphrey used a fall and recovery technique
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"Bo Jangles"
-Bill 'Bo Jangles' Robinson was a tap dance legend
-He created light tap sounds by staying on the balls of his feet -
Jose Limon
-Jose used a balance, speed, and control technique -
Jazz
-Jazz music emerged
-It was a combination of ragtime & the blues -
1920s
-Earl Tucker ('Snake Hips') was a performer at Cotton Club during the days of Duke Ellington; waving, floats & back slides -
Period: to
Harlem Renaissance
-The Harlem Renaissance was a significant time period
-Exclusive clubs opened, such as the Charleston and Black Bottom -
Erick Hawkins
-Erick used a ease and free flow movement technique -
Seymour Felix
-Seymour Felix introduced important aspects of musical theater -
Busby Berkley
-Busby Berkley was a film director and choreographer who used hundreds of dancers, elaborate sets, and imaginative choreography -
1940s
-Thomas Wong used a booming sound system & american records to steal crowds -
Eleanor Powell
-She was known for a tap style that included acrobatic movements, balletic rhythms, and series of rapid turns -
Fred Astaire
-He added easygoing sauveness to highly rhythmic footwork and perfect musicality -
Bob Fosse
-He earned 8 Tony Awards for his broadway choreography -
George Balanchine: 1900s
-student of the Russian Imperial School of Ballet.
-He was the cofounder of the school of American Ballet
-He was the artistic director for the New York City Ballet. -
Sound Clash
-Competition btween major djs leads to the "Sound Clash" -
1950s
-Post modern dance begins -
Period: to
post modern
-"Post Modern" choreographers/ active people wanted to reduce dance to its simplest form & to examine what they thought dance really was -
Ginger Rogers
-Ginger Developed a dance that combined tap & ballroom -
Gene Kelly
-Distinguished himself by performing in tap and jazz styles -
Merce Cunningham
-He was the 1st choreographer to emerge from using traditional modern dance
-He developed concepts called "movement for mevment's sake" & "chance dance" -
Clive Campbell
-Clive Cambell ('DJ Kool Herc") was born in Kingston Jamaica & eventually known as the father of hip hop culture -
1960s
-Television aired jazz dances for the public to view -
"Break Beat"
-James Brown records "Live at the Apollo(Album)" features new drum sound known as "break beat" -
Alvin Ailey
-He was a choreographer who was concerned with making dances that entertained people while they were watching -
"DJ Kool Herc" & "Rubber Band"
-Clive Campbell migrates to the Bronx & because of his size & him working out, other kids called him Hercules, & later he changed his name to Kool Herc
-A man, "Rubber Band", brought gang dance to NYC discos & "rockin' "was born -
"Campbellocking"
-Don Campbellock accidentally makes a dance called "campbellocking". It eventually featured on Soul Train and took the world by storm. -
Soul Train
-Soul Train takes off on t.v. -
"B-boys"
-Young people dancing at Kool Herc's parties were called "b-boys" -
"Rappers Delight"
-"Rappers Delight" by the Sugarhill gang was the first rap hit recorded -
"Beat Street" & "Breakin"
-The movies " Beat Street" & "Breakin" were released
-Tours began all over the world & in France the two tours clashed -
B-boys & Boogie Boys
-Groups of b-boys & boogie boys hold down breaking in the streets of NYC -
Primitive Period
-Dance was used as a means of communication.
-People did dance rituals to worship & appease the gods.
-Dance rituals were done at special occasions(birth/marraige/death).
-Many dance rituals focused on fertility and having an abundant harvest.
-Movements were imitative (of nature and animals) and very basic. -
Period: to 200
Ancient Period
-The aesthetics of dance were more developed
-Movement choices represent certain themes
-The height of the Ancient period was when the quest for art & beautywas priority
-Many Greek dances developed out of religious rituals
-Dances combined movement, music, and poetry and were often participatory
-Dance was often found in the popular Greek Theatre
-Dances of India were religious dances
-Evidence of dance in China dates back to 200 & 8th century China influenced all dance that was to follow -
Today
-There are no rules/regulations, just an underlying freedom to create in whatever way one wishes
