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  Invertebrate sea life proliferating
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  Cambrian-Ordovician extinction, diverse marine invertebrates
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  The shortest period of the Palaeozoic Era, coral reefs, first jawed fish
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  Plants beginning to cover the land, first successful species of trees
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  Reptiles, high oxygen percentage in air, maximum coal formation in swampy forests
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  Mass extinction
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  The first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era, early dinosaurs, crocodiles, first mammals
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  Age of reptiles, earliest known birds
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  Dinosaurs dominate, mass extinction (at the end of the period), seed-bearing plants appeared
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  Beginning of the Cenozoic Era, increasingly diverse mammals and birds
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  Humans
