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In 1821 Charles Babbage made a computer based on the principles of finite differences. It was not able to divide and multiply numbers and therefore only worked for arithmetic addition. It was a pretty expensive computer and the British govenment discontinued it.
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Herman Hollerith created the Tabulation machine to record statistics. It would do this by reading and sorting punch cards. Hollerith established The Tabulating Machine Company in 1896, later turned into IBM .
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John Vincent creates the Atanasoff-Berry Computer. It used capacitators for RAM storage and performed various operations.
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John Backus lead a team that created FORTRAN.It was used in computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, computational chemistry, and computational physics. The object was to make a language easy to learn and to state complex math expressions just like algebraic notation. It allowed programmers to code faster.
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Frederico Faggin leads team that completed the chip in 1971.Is a 4-bit register with a speed of 740 KHz. Has 2300 transistors and performs more than 60,000 operations per seconds. Has similar power to the ENIAC computer.