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Scaffolding theory: Lev Vygotsky
Learning as a cognitive building process -
Social Activism Theory
John Dewey states that learning is indicidual growth that comes about through social experiences -
First computer used for instruction
Computer-driven flight simulator for MIT pilots. -
Information-Processing Theory
Learning is encoding information into human memory, similar to the way a computer stores information. -
Systems Theory and Systematic Instructional Design
Learning is fostered by using a system of instruction based on behaviorist information processing, and congnitive behaviorist theories -
First computer used with school children
IBM 650 computer teaches binary aritmetic in New York City -
Atkinson and Shiffrin
Atkinson and Shiffrin say the brain contains three kinds of memory, and stores information like a computer -
University time-sharing systems
Faculty/students in universities across the country use mainframe systems for programming and shared utilities -
Behaviorist theory
B.F. Skinner publishes his thoughts on Behaviorism as a form of learning -
Cognitive-Behavioral theory
Robert Gagne publishes his idea of cognitive-behavioral theory as a form of learning -
Computer-assisted instruction movement emerges
Large-scale, federally funded university projects use mainfram/minicomputer systems with schools -
Child Development Theory
Jean Piaget stated that learning is cognitive growth through neurological and social maturation -
Discovery Learning
Jerome Bruner learning is cognitive growth through interaction with environment -
Mainframe and minicomputer
Schools begin using computers for instruction and administration -
First microcomputer in schools
Microcomputers enter school and teachers take back control of instruction and administration from districts -
CAI movement declines; computer literacy movement begins
Arthur Luehrmann coins term computer literacy for skills in programming and using software tools. Molnar warns that non-computer literate students will be educationally disadvantaged -
Microcomputer applications spawn movements
Field focuses on software publishing initiatives and teacher authoring software. The computer literacy computers-as-tools approach gives way to Logo's computer-based, problem-solving approach -
Multiple Intelligences Theories
Howard Gardner states that learning is shaped by innate intelligences -
Integrate learning systems
Teachers begin to use ILS for instruction to address required standards -
World Wide Web
First browser transforms a formerly text-based Internet into a combination of text and graphics... the "Information Superhighway" -
Directed drill and practice
Stein, Silbert, and Carnine determined that directed drill and practice can help teach basic reading and mathematic skills -
International Society for Technology in Education creates standards
ISTE sponsors creation of National Educational Technology Standards to guide technology skills, first for students, tehn for teachers and administrators -
Internet use explodes
Online and distance learning increases in higher education, then in K-12 schools -
Internatioinal Society for Technology in Education
Issues new, updated standards for teachers, students, and administrators
