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Roanoke https://www.history.com/news/what-happened-to-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke
John White led men, women, and children to settle on Roanoke Island. He returned to England for supplies but when he came back to Roanoke after his 3 year journey the entire settlement was deserted. The only clue left was the word "CRO" carved into a tree and the word "CROATOAN" carved onto the palisades. The harsh weather caused him to go back to England and it was never discovered what actually happened and he never found his family. -
Jamestown https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/jamestown
It was the 1st permanent British settlement. Along the coast of Virginia a colony was established by the Virginia Company of London; however, this colony had a very rough start due to the harsh winter and people not working and the Native Americans not being friendly. In 1612 Virginia's first profitable export, tobacco, was grown. Indentured servants were in charge of the growing fields. In 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Jamestown. Natives killed 25% of European settlers in 1622 -
House of Burgesses https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Burgesses
Governor George Yeardley arrived in Virginia from England and stated that the Virginia Company had voted to abolish martial law and create a legislative assembly. In Jamestown the first legislature made up of elected representatives in North America was established. The only people who could be representatives to the House of Burgesses were those who were elected by property owners. It was important because it let the people govern themselves without a King or Queen and set good laws. -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower ship set sail from Plymouth and transported Pilgrims across the Atlantic to the New World to start new lives. After this 65 day journey they arrived at Cape Cod. The Mayflower Compact was the first self government and it addressed that the majority of the colonies men will make the decisions. The pilgrims settled by The Wampanoag people and Squanto helped them grow corn and establish treaties. The pilgrims celebrated their first harvest (Thanksgiving.)
http://mayflowerhistory.com -
Great Migration
English Migration to Massachusettes was when pilgrims went to Plymouth Colony around the 1620's. Religious persecution caused puritans to leave England. Puritans wanted to purify the church and separatists split away from the church. The separatists decided to take the Mayflower ship to the New World.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Burgesses -
New York
A middle colony that was settled by the Dutch. According to the Dutch it was called New Netherlands and New Amsterdam was what they called New York. The Dutch and British ended up fighting 3 Naval Wars. The Dutch surrendered New Netherlands when the British sent a naval fleet to seize it. It was called New York after British gained control because it was named After the Duke of York. British ended up with full control even after dutch attempts of recapturing it.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
Governor John Winthrop led 1,000 puritans to settle this colony. They came to Massachusetts to become pure in the church and be a light to the rest of the world like "a city on a hill." The puritans governed this colony based off of their religious beliefs. Some didn't follow these rules and were called dissenters. They were punished for their retaliations. The Massachusetts Bay colony evolved into the largest New England colony.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony -
Maryland
A Southern colony settled by Lord Baltimore who was granted 100 million acres of land by King Charles for persecuted Catholics to settle. It was proprietary so it was was owned only by the ruler. Lord Baltimore's son Cecil Calvert offered 100 acres of land to every married couple leading to protestants taking advantage and turning this catholic haven into mainly protestant. Religious freedom was granted to all Christians in Maryland by the Toleration Act of 1649.
https://www.history.com -
Rhode Island
It was a New England colony settled by Roger Williams and his supporters. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island where there was no religious persecution of Christians because he was exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because the government authorities didn't like that he spoke out against them for two things. Number one being them punishing religious dissension and number two being the confiscation of Native American Land.
https://www.thoughtco.com/rhode-island-colony-103880 -
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker settled this New England colony. He found this colony after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. Their citizenship in Connecticut was based on landownership. The first written Constitution in North America was he Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which was an early agreement between colonial communities that established a representative government.
https://connecticuthistory.org/thomas-hooker-connecticuts-founding-father/ -
Maryland Toleration Act
This act granted religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland. It made sure that the rights of Catholics were protected because the act made it illegal to prevent religious practices and fines were guaranteed to those who broke the. Maryland was settled by Lord Baltimore but when he died it was ruled by his son Cecil Calvert.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-toleration-act-of-1649.html -
Carolina
A Southern Colony settled by supporters of King Charles II. He granted 8 of his supporters land in the Carolinas. People settled in the Carolinas because it was good for trading so they grew cash crops.These crops requires a lot of African slaves. The slaves ended up outnumbering European settlers. Carolina split into North and South Carolina when it became a royal colony.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_North_Carolina -
Bacons Rebeliion https://connecticuthistory.org/thomas-hooker-connecticuts-founding-father/
Retaliations against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia frontier was cause by Nathaniel Bacon raising an unauthorized militia of indentured servants to do the retaliating. An army led by Virginia Governor William Berkeley fought back which led to Bacon to retaliating more and getting more mad. Bacon and his Army attacked Jamestown and Bacon died shortly before the war ended. Bacon's rebellion was the first rebellion against the royal control. -
Pennsylvania
A middle colony settled by William Penn who was granted a charter by King Charles II and established it as a "Holy Experiment" which made it a place where everyone could own land. The males received 50 acres of land and the right to vote. This colony soon became a haven for Quakers shortly after William became a Quaker. Penn believed that everyone had to seek God in their own way and welcomed settlers from all faiths.
https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/pennsylvania -
Salem Witch Trials history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials
A wave of hysteria swept through a Salem village in Massachusetts when young girls started claiming to be possessed by the devil and accusations about witchcraft started being thrown around. Innocents that were accused were still killed, mostly by hangings. It was either confess or die. If you confessed you only went to jail so innocents started confessing and lying so that way they wouldn't die. In September 1697 the hysteria ended with public opinion turning against the trials. -
Great Awakening/Enlightenment
Around 1730 religious passion was scarce so Christian leaders started going around and evangelizing. There was a sudden revival in the peoples hearts that spread far and wide through the colonies. This religious revival was a huge impact until this day and it started a spark in the peoples hearts and minds that they need to turn from the ways of the world and got them focused on religion and beliefs.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/7b.asp -
Albany Plan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Plan
At the Albany Congress in Albany, New York, Benjamin Franklin suggested that they should create a unified government for the 13 colonies. A Grand Counsel was called where the members were chosen by representatives coming from colonial assemblies. This plan was created for mainly defense purposes. -
French-Indian War
It began due to a conflict between England and France over control of the Ohio River Valley. Both sides wanted the valley so they could expand their settlements into the area. It ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war was won by the British provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over land and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and resulted in the American Revolution.
https://historyofmassachusetts.org/french-and-indian-war/ -
Proclamation of 1763
This Royal Proclamation was issued after the British won the 7 years war, prohibiting American colonists from settling west of Appalachia. This was issued because the British leaders feared that if colonists kept moving onto American Indian lands that more fighting would take place. Even if they were already settled they had to move east of Appalachia.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of -
Salutary Neglect https://www.britannica.com/topic/salutary-neglect
It was a 17th and 18th century British Crown policy, initiated by prime minister Robert Walpole, to relax the enforcement of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, imposed on the American colonies. Salutary neglect was a large contributing factor that led to the American Revolutionary War. Since the authorities were not applying all of their power, the colonists were left to govern themselves. Salutary neglect pretty much ended after the French and Indian War.
